Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers double-wall, copper brazed steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the like. The tubing shall be made by rolling steel strip into the form of tubing and subsequently copper brazing in a reducing atmosphere. The steel shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition and shall be subjected to heat analysis and product analysis. Tension, flattening, expansion, bending, and pressure proof tests shall be made in accordance with the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the like. The tubing is available in either of two types, single strip or double strip as shown in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Brazed Tubing, Double-Wall, 360-deg Brazed Construction  
1.2 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch-pounds units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. In this specification hard or rationalized conversions apply to diameters, lengths, and tensile properties. Soft conversion applies to other SI measurements.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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31-Aug-2019
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ASTM A254/A254M-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A254/A254M −12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA254/A254M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E30Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Steel, Cast Iron,
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
1.1 This specification covers double-wall, copper-brazed
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
steel tubing suitable for general engineering uses, particularly
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
in the automotive, refrigeration, and stove industries for fuel
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
lines, brake lines, oil lines, heating and cooling units, and the
J533Flares for Tubing
like. The tubing is available in either of two types, single strip
or double strip as shown in Fig. 1.
3. Ordering Information
1.2 Units—This specification is expressed in both inch-
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
pounds units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase
include the following, as required to describe the desired
order or contract specifies the applicable M specification
material adequately:
designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres or number of pieces),
values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be
3.1.2 Name of material (copper-brazed steel tubing),
regardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsare
3.1.3 Type,singlestripordoublestrip,wherenecessary(see
showninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbe
Fig. 1) (normally the type is not specified),
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness; normally
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
inside diameter should not be specified),
may result in non-conformance with the standard. In this
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
specification hard or rationalized conversions apply to
3.1.6 Inside surface cleanliness where required (see Section
diameters, lengths, and tensile properties. Soft conversion
8),
applies to other SI measurements.
3.1.7 External coating, where required (see Section 7 and
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Supplementary Requirement S2), and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.8 Special or supplementary requirements or exceptions
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to specification.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Manufacture
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
steelmaking process.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Ifaspecifictypeofmeltingisrequiredbythepurchaser,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
of Steel Products
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If
cal Analysis of Steel Products
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast.When
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
tion of the resultant transition material is required. The
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A254/A254M–12.
DOI: 10.1520/A0254_A0254M-12R19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
the ASTM website. PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A254/A254M − 12 (2019)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Property Requirement
Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 42 000 [290]
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa] 25 000 [170]
FIG. 1 Brazed Tubing, Double-Wall, 360-deg Brazed Construction Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] min, % 25
producer shall remove the transition material by an established
procedure that positively separates the grades.
6.1.3 Test specimens shall be taken from the ends of
4.5 The tubing shall be made by rolling steel strip into the
finished tubes prior to upsetting, swaging, expanding, or other
form of tubing and subsequently copper brazing in a reducing
forming operations, or being cut to length. They shall be
atmosphere.
smooth on the ends and free from burrs and flaws.
4.6 Tubing shall be constructed as shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.4 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective
4.7 Tubing shall be suitably tested after brazing by the
machining, it may be discarded and another specimen substi-
manufacturer to ensure freedom from leaks and detrimental tuted.
flaws.
6.1.5 The yield strength shall be determined as that corre-
sponding to a permanent offset of 0.2% of the gage length of
5. Chemical Composition
the specimen, or a total extension of 0.5% of the gage length
under load.
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
6.1.6 If the percentage of elongation of any test specimen is
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
lessthanthatspecifiedandanypartofthefractureismorethan
5.2 HeatAnalysis—Ananalysisofeachheatofsteelshallbe
⁄4 in. [19 mm] from the center of the gage length, as indicated
madebythesteelmanufacturertodeterminethepercentagesof
byscribemarksonthespecimenbeforetesting,aretestshallbe
the elements specified. If secondary melting processes are
allowed.
employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one
remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each 6.2 Flattening Test—A section of tubing, not less than 2 ⁄2
in. [65 mm] in length, shall stand being flattened between
primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or
that determined from a product analysis made by the tubular parallel plates until the inside walls are in contact without
cracking or otherwise showing flaws.
product manufacturer shall conform to the requirements speci-
fied.
6.3 ExpansionTest—Asectionoftubingapproximately4in.
[100 mm] in length shall stand being expanded over a tapered
5.3 Product Analysis—Tubing of this quality may be pro-
duced in rimmed or capped steel which is characterized by a mandrel having a slope of 1 in 10 until the outside diameter at
the expanded end is increased 20% without cracking or
lackofuniformityinitschemicalcomposition.Forthisreason,
rejection for product analysis is not appropriate unless misap- otherwise showing flaws. (Prior to the expansion test, tubing
shall be cut off square, edge crowned, and deburred. It shall be
plication is clearly indicated.
held firmly and squarely in the die, and punch must be guided
5.4 Methods of Analysis—Methods described in Test Meth-
on the axis of the tubing.)
ods E30 shall be used for referee purposes. Due allowance
shall be made for the presence of copper brazing metal. 6.4 BendTest—The finished tubing shall stand bending on a
centerline radius equal to three times the tubing outside
5.5 Samples for Product Analysis—Except for spectro-
diameter without kinking, cracking, or developing other flaws
graphic analysis, samples shall be taken in accordance with
where proper bending fixtures are used.
Practice E59.
6.5 Pressure Proof Tests—Each tube shall be capable of
6. Mechanical Requirements
withstanding, without bursting or leaking, either of the follow-
ing proof tests:
6.1 Tension Test—Tensile properties of tubing as manufac-
6.5.1 An internal hydrostatic pressure sufficient to subject
tured(priortocoldworking)shallconformtotherequirements
the material to a minimum fiber stress of 16 000 psi [110
specified in Table 2.
MPa]. Hydrostatic pressure shall be determined by the follow-
6.1.1 The specimens and tension tests required shall be
ing formula:
made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.1.2 Specimens shall be tested at room temperature
...

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