ASTM E840-95(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using Flame Photometric Detectors in Gas Chromatography
Standard Practice for Using Flame Photometric Detectors in Gas Chromatography
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended as a guide for the use of a flame photometric detector (FPD) as the detection component of a gas chromatographic system.
1.2 This practice is directly applicable to an FPD that employs a hydrogen-air flame burner, an optical filter for selective spectral viewing of light emitted by the flame, and a photomultiplier tube for measuring the intensity of light emitted.
1.3 This practice describes the most frequent use of the FPD which is as an element-specific detector for compounds containing sulfur (S) or phosphorus (P) atoms. However, nomenclature described in this practice are also applicable to uses of the FPD other than sulfur or phosphorus specific detection.
1.4 This practice is intended to describe the operation and performance of the FPD itself independently of the chromatographic column. However, the performance of the detector is described in terms which the analyst can use to predict overall system performance when the detector is coupled to the column and other chromatographic system components.
1.5 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice E260 should be followed except where specific changes are recommended herein for use of an FPD.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 4, Hazards.
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Designation:E840–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Using Flame Photometric Detectors in Gas
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Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope CGAP-1 Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Contain-
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ers
1.1 Thispracticeisintendedasaguidefortheuseofaflame
CGAG-5.4 Standard for Hydrogen Piping Systems at
photometric detector (FPD) as the detection component of a
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Consumer Locations
gas chromatographic system.
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CGAP-9 The Inert Gases: Argon, Nitrogen and Helium
1.2 This practice is directly applicable to an FPD that
CGAV-7 Standard Method of Determining CylinderValve
employs a hydrogen-air flame burner, an optical filter for
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Outlet Connections for Industrial Gas Mixtures
selective spectral viewing of light emitted by the flame, and a
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CGAP-12 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids
photomultiplier tube for measuring the intensity of light
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HB-3 Handbook of Compressed Gases
emitted.
1.3 ThispracticedescribesthemostfrequentuseoftheFPD
3. Terminology
which is as an element-specific detector for compounds con-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to gas chromatog-
taining sulfur (S) or phosphorus (P) atoms. However, nomen-
raphy, refer to Practice E355.
clature described in this practice are also applicable to uses of
3.2 Descriptions of Terms—Descriptions of terms used in
the FPD other than sulfur or phosphorus specific detection.
this practice are included in Sections 7-17.
1.4 This practice is intended to describe the operation and
3.3 Symbols:Symbols—A list of symbols and associated
performance of the FPD itself independently of the chromato-
units of measurement is included in Annex A1.
graphic column. However, the performance of the detector is
described in terms which the analyst can use to predict overall
4. Hazards
system performance when the detector is coupled to the
4.1 Gas Handling Safety—The safe handling of com-
column and other chromatographic system components.
pressed gases and cryogenic liquids for use in chromatography
1.5 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice
is the responsibility of every laboratory. The Compressed Gas
E260 should be followed except where specific changes are
Association,(CGA),amembergroupofspecialtyandbulkgas
recommended herein for use of an FPD.
suppliers, publishes the following guidelines to assist the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
laboratory chemist to establish a safe work environment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Applicable CG publications include CGAP-1, CGAG-5.4,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
CGAP-9, CGAV-7, CGAP-12, and HB-3.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
5. Principles of Flame Photometric Detectors
information, see Section 4, Hazards.
5.1 The FPD detects compounds by burning those com-
pounds in a flame and sensing the increase of light emission
2. Referenced Documents
from the flame during that combustion process. Therefore, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 FPD is a flame optical emission detector comprised of a
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
hydrogen-air flame, an optical window for viewing emissions
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
2 generated in the flame, an optical filter for spectrally selecting
tionships
the wavelengths of light detected, a photomultiplier tube for
2.2 CGA Standards:
measuring the intensity of light emitted, and an electrometer
for measuring the current output of the photomultiplier.
5.2 The intensity and wavelength of light emitted from the
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
FPDflamedependsonthegeometricconfigurationoftheflame
Spectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.19 on Chroma-
tography.
Current edition approved May 15, 1995. Published July 1995. Originally
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published as E840–81. Last previous edition E840–91. Available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 1725 Jefferson Davis
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Highway, Arlington, VA 22202-4100.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E840–95 (2000)
burner and on the absolute and relative flow rates of gases the approximate square of the S-atom flow. Since the FPD
supplied to the detector. By judicious selection of burner response depends on the P-atom or S-atom m
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