ASTM B822-20

Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Reported particle size measurement is a function of both the actual particle dimension and shape factor as well as the particular physical or chemical properties being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results.  
5.1.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this test method, or any other method for particle size determination using different physical principles, may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense; they should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods.  
5.2 Light scattering theory has been available for many years for use in the determination of particle size. Several manufacturers of testing equipment now have units based on these principles. Although each type of testing equipment uses the same basic principles for light scattering as a function of particle size, different assumptions pertinent to application of the theory, and different models for converting light measurements to particle size, may lead to different results for each instrument. Therefore, the use of this test method cannot guarantee directly comparable results from different types of instruments.  
5.3 Knowledge of the particle size distribution of metal powders is useful in predicting the powder-processing behavior and ultimate performance of powder metallurgy parts. Particle size distribution is related closely to the flowability, moldability, compressibility, and die-filling characteristics of a powder, as well as to the final structure and properties of finished powder metallurgy (P/M) parts.  
5.4 This test method is useful to both suppli...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution by light scattering, reported as volume percent, of particulate materials including metals and compounds.  
1.2 This test method applies to analyses with both aqueous and nonaqueous dispersions. In addition, analysis can be performed with a gaseous dispersion for materials that are hygroscopic or react with a liquid carrier.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of particulate materials in the range of 0.4 to 2000 μm, or a subset of that range, as applicable to the particle size distribution being measured.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2020
• ICS: 13.300 - Protection against dangerous goods
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B822 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds by Light Scattering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B821 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheparticle
Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
size distribution by light scattering, reported as volume
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
percent, of particulate materials including metals and com-
ASTM Test Methods
pounds.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This test method applies to analyses with both aqueous
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
and nonaqueous dispersions. In addition, analysis can be
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization
performed with a gaseous dispersion for materials that are
Data
3
hygroscopic or react with a liquid carrier.
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of ISO13320-1 Particle Size Analysis—Laser Diffraction
Methods—Part 1: General Principles
particulate materials in the range of 0.4 to 2000 µm, or a subset
of that range, as applicable to the particle size distribution
3. Terminology
being measured.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
can be found in Terminology B243.
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 background, n—extraneous scattering of light by ele-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments other than the particles to be measured; includes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
scattering by contamination in the measurement path.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction, n—the optical theory that
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
describes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4
large compared to the wavelength of the incident light.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.3 Mie Scattering, n—the complex electromagnetic
theory that describes the scattering of light by spherical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
particles.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—It is usually applied to particles with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
diameters that are close to the wavelength of the incident light.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
The real and imaginary indices of light refraction of the
4
2. Referenced Documents particles are needed.
2
3.2.4 multiple scattering, n—the rescattering of light by a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particle in the path of light scattered by another particle.
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
3.2.4.1 Discussion—This usually occurs in heavy concen-
trations of a particle dispersion.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
4. Summary of Test Method
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
4.1 Aprepared sample of particulate material is dispersed in
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally
water, or a compatible organic liquid, and circulated through
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B822 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/B0822-20.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Muly, E. C., Frock, H. N., “Industrial Particle Size Measurement Using Light
the ASTM website. Scattering,” Optical Engineering, Vol 19, No. 6, 1980, pp. 861–869.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B822 − 17 B822 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds by Light Scattering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution by light scattering, reported as volume percent, of
particulate materials including metals and compounds.
1.2 This test method applies to analyses with both aqueous and nonaqueous dispersions. In addition, analysis can be performed
with a gaseous dispersion for materials that are hygroscopic or react with a liquid carrier.
1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of particulate materials in the range of 0.4 to 2000 μm, or a subset of that
range, as applicable to the particle size distribution being measured.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B821 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization Data
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO13320-1 Particle Size Analysis—Laser Diffraction Methods—Part 1: General Principles
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2020. Published April 2017October 2020. Originally published asapproved in B822 – 92.1992. Last previous edition
approved in 20102017 as B822 –10. – 17. DOI: 10.1520/B0822-17.10.1520/B0822-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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B822 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 background—background, n—extraneous scattering of light by elements other than the particles to be measured; includes
scattering by contamination in the measurement path.
3.2.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction—Diffraction, n—the optical theory that describes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that
4
are large compared to the wavelength of the incident light.
3.2.3 Mie Scattering—Scattering, n—the complex electromagnetic theory that describes the scattering of light by spherical
particles. It is usually applied to particles with diameters that are close to the wavelength of the incident light. The real and
imaginary indices of light refraction of the particles are needed.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
It is usually applied to particles with diameters that are close to the wavelength of the incident light. The real and imaginary indices
4
of light refraction of the particl
...