iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4039-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric distribution of the reflected light.
Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D 523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared.
In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D 523.
An additional method for the measurement of reflection haze is given in Test Method E 430.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2009
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4039-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5382-02(2017) - Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D523-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM E179-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5767-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

Buy Standard

ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss SurfacesASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss SurfacesREDLINE ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM D4039-09 - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4039 −09
StandardTest Method for
1
Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 60° specular gloss G ,n—specular gloss measured
60
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two
with the 60° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for
2
3.2.2 20° specular gloss G ,n—specular gloss measured
high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly
20
with the 20° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy
substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the
3.2.3 haze index, H, n—a measure of reflection haze, where
surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
H =G −G .
60 20
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology E284.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Measurements of 60° and 20° specular gloss are made
on a specimen. The haze index is computed as the difference
2. Referenced Documents
between the two measurements.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 This test method is applicable to nonmetallic specimens
D523Test Method for Specular Gloss
havinga60°specularglossvaluegreaterthan70inaccordance
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
with Test Method D523.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
4.3 Both 60° and 20° specular gloss depend upon the
D3964Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
refractive index of the material being measured. Because 20°
Appearance Measurements
gloss changes much more rapidly with index than 60° gloss,
E284Terminology of Appearance
the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on the
E430TestMethodsforMeasurementofGlossofHigh-Gloss
indexofrefractionofthematerial.Toestablishacorrectionfor
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
theeffectofrefractiveindexwouldrequireitsmeasurementfor
3. Terminology
each material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflec-
tion haze evaluated by this test method are therefore limited to
3.1 Definitions:
specimens of essentially the same refractive index.
3.1.1 specular gloss, n—ratio of flux reflected in specular
direction to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence and
5. Significance and Use
source and receptor angular apertures.
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the
3.1.2 haze, n—in reflection—scatteringoflightattheglossy
angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the
surfaceofaspecimenresponsiblefortheapparentreductionof
geometric distribution of the reflected light.
contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting
surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering character-
Geometry.
istics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4039–93(2004).
havingdifferentsurfacerefractiveindexesarebeingcompared.
DOI: 10.1520/D4039-09.
2
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are
Boldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthis
test method.
obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. topermittheuseofglossmetersthatprovide60°speculargloss
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4039−09
measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss 9. Procedure
measur
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4039–93(Reapproved2004) Designation: D 4039 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss
2
nonmetallicspecimens (1-4). Itisparticularlyusefulforevaluatingthehazeinclearfinishesonnonglossysubstrates,andthehaze
in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 specular gloss, n—ratiooffluxreflectedinspeculardirectiontoincidentfluxforaspecifiedangleofincidenceandsource
and receptor angular apertures.
3.1.2 haze, n—in reflection —scattering of light at the glossy surface of a specimen responsible for the apparent reduction of
contrast of objects viewed by reflection at the surface.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 60° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured with the 60° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
60
3.2.2 20° specular gloss G , n—specular gloss measured with the 20° geometry specified in Test Method D523.
20
3.2.3 haze index, H, n—a measure of reflection haze, where H =G −G .
60 20
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in Terminology E284.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Measurementsof60°and20°specularglossaremadeonaspecimen.Thehazeindexiscomputedasthedifferencebetween
the two measurements.
4.2 Thistestmethodisapplicabletononmetallicspecimenshavinga60°specularglossvaluegreaterthan70°70inaccordance
with Test Method D523.
4.3 Both 60° and 20° specular gloss depend upon the refractive index of the material being measured. Because 20° gloss
changes much more rapidly with index than 60° gloss, the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on the index of
refraction of the material. To establish a correction for the effect of refractive index would require its measurement for each
material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflection haze evaluated by this test method are therefore limited to specimens
of essentially the same refractive index.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov.June 1, 2004.2009. Published November 2004.June 2009. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
D4039–93(1999). D4039–93(2004).
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4039–09
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Measuredglossvaluesofspecimensdependontheangleofillumination,refractiveindexofthematerial,andthegeometric
distribution of the reflected light.
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular
angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of
high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared. A better index
of scattering can be obtained b
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D4086-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achieving the same color match. Usually, the purchaser requires that the color match be nonmetameric; this practice permits this requirement to be quickly tested in both field and laboratory. Where nonmetameric matches are not possible or practicable, for cost or other reasons, some limitation of metamerism may be required. The procedures for estimating the magnitude of metamerism described in this practice provide methods for assessing the effectiveness of such limitation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric color difference.  
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not cover gonioapparent samples.  
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement of spectral characteristics.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4039-09(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric distribution of the reflected light.  
5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared.  
5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D523.  
5.4 An additional method for the measurement of reflection haze is given in Test Method E430.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4).2 It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1535-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    41 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4449-15(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gloss3 is associated with the capacity of a surface to reflect more light in some directions than in others. The directions associated with mirror (or specular) reflection normally have the highest reflectances. Gloss is best seen and analyzed when the surfaces studied are illuminated by a light source that provides strong contrasting patterns of light and dark. Such a light source is described in this test method.  
5.2 The simplest concept of gloss is that it corresponds to the mirror-like reflectances of surfaces. However, the distributions and intensities of this surface-reflected light are (for real materials) highly variable and affected by a variety of factors: surface smoothness and contour, refractive index, absorptance, angle of incidence, and (to a generally small extent) wavelength. From the great variety of surface-reflection patterns met in materials of commerce, it has been possible to identify seven surface-reflection criteria or “types of gloss” regularly used by skilled technologists for intercomparing and rating their products for gloss. Six of the seven criteria, or “types of gloss,” are identified in the section on definitions. The seventh, luster or contrast gloss, is seldom of concern to the coatings industry.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual evaluation of gloss differences of coating surfaces, using special types of lamps for illumination. It identifies six aspects or types of gloss that one may look for when using the lamp to assess gloss differences between surfaces. It describes the conditions for using the lamps to best identify small differences in each of the six types of gloss. Four levels of visual gloss differences are distinguished.  
1.2 While this technique is useful for both weathered and unweathered specimens, it has not been applied to metallics.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3134-15(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Color specifications are centered around exact positions in color space. Correspondingly, gloss specifications are centered around an exact position on the gloss scale. Because it is difficult to achieve these exact positions repeatedly, it is necessary to specify tolerances that are acceptable to both the buyer and the seller. This practice details the procedure for accomplishing this goal.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for establishing tolerances and evaluating the color and gloss of specimens with respect to specified standards. This practice is appropriate for nonfluorescent opaque specimens.  
1.2 This practice does not indicate the extent of tolerances, but gives guidance on how they can be set. For product specification, the tolerances between specimens and the specified standard should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4061-13(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantity coefficient of retroreflected luminance is a measure of the reflected luminance in the direction of the observer. This is the light returned by the retroreflective surface to the observer from the source, which in practice is the vehicle headlamp.  
5.2 This test method may be used as a measure of the nighttime performance of horizontally applied surfacing materials used on highway surfaces for lane markings and other traffic control purposes.  
5.3 Since this test method is a laboratory procedure, test specimens must be prepared so that they can be mounted on the specimen holder. Specimens measured by this laboratory method may be used as transfer standards for the calibration of portable instrumentation.  
5.4 Specimen selection and preparation may significantly influence the results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the retroreflective properties of horizontal surfacing materials, such as traffic stripe paint systems, traffic tapes, and traffic surface symbols.  
1.2 Specimen preparation, size, and shape must be determined and specified by the user of this test method. Likewise, the user must specify the observation and entrance angles to be used (see Fig. 1).  
FIG. 1 Diagram Illustrating Geometry for Measurement of Horizontal Coatings Specimens
Note 1: Includes observation angle α, entrance angle β, viewing angle νa, co-viewing angle νc, and co-entrance angle βc. The retroreflector axis, illumination axis, and observation axis all lie in the same plane.  
1.3 The geometric requirements of this test method are based on materials for which the relative retroreflectance changes less than approximately 50 % over the observation angle range from 0.2 to 0.5°. This is illustrated in Fig. 2.
FIG. 2 Illustration of Typical Rate of Change of Retroreflectance Versus Observation Angle for Horizontal Retroreflective Material Measured at 86° Entrance Angle  
1.4 This test method is a laboratory test and requires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that stray light does not affect the test results. This facility must be capable of housing the required 15-m test distance.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4086-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achieving the same color match. Usually, the purchaser requires that the color match be nonmetameric; this practice permits this requirement to be quickly tested in both field and laboratory. Where nonmetameric matches are not possible or practicable, for cost or other reasons, some limitation of metamerism may be required. The procedures for estimating the magnitude of metamerism described in this practice provide methods for assessing the effectiveness of such limitation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric color difference.  
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not cover gonioapparent samples.  
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement of spectral characteristics.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2853-10(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for quantitative determinations of Pb in painted and unpainted articles such as toys, children’s products, and other consumer products. Typical test time for quantification of Pb in homogenous samples is 1 to 3 min; and typical test time for quantification of Pb in paint is 4 to 8 min.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for detection and quantification of lead (Pb) in paint layers, similar coatings, or substrates and homogenous materials. The following material types were tested in the interlaboratory study for this standard test method: ABS plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, glass, zinc alloy, wood, and fabric.  
1.2 This technique may also be commonly referred to as High Definition X-ray Fluorescence (HDXRF) or Multiple Monochromatic Beam EDXRF (MMB-EDXRF).  
1.3 This test method is applicable for the products and materials described in 1.1 for a Pb mass fraction range of 14 to 1200 mg/kg for uncoated samples and 30 to 450 mg/kg for coated samples, as specified in Table 1 and determined by an interlaboratory study using representative samples  
1.4 Ensure that the analysis area of the sample is visually uniform in appearance and at least as large as the X-ray excitation beam at the point of sample excitation.  
1.5 For coating analysis, this test method is limited to paint and similar coatings. Metallic coatings are not covered by this test method.  
1.6 X-ray Nomenclature—This standard names X-ray lines using the IUPAC convention with the Siegbahn convention in parentheses.  
1.7 There are no known ISO equivalent methods to this standard.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4214-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4147-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Applying Coil Coatings Using Wire-Wound Drawdown Bars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is useful in the laboratory to simulate roll-coated films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying a coil coating film of uniform thickness on a flat metal panel using wire-wound drawdown bars.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off