ASTM D4445-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.
Note 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
Section Summary of Test Method4 Apparatus6 Reagents7 Wood8 Test Fungi9 Culture Media10 Preparation of Inoculum11 Preparation of Test Chambers12 Treatment of Samples13 Inoculation and Incubation14 Evaluation of the Test15 Report16
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4445–09
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This(laboratory)testmethodisusedfordeterminingthe
2. Referenced Documents
minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sap-
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
stain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under
ucts
optimum laboratory conditions.
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution
woods
concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are
3. Terminology
discussed in the following order:
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7
4. Summary of Test Method
Wood 8
Test Fungi 9
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by
Culture Media 10
spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of
Preparation of Inoculum 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 12 a fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration
Treatment of Samples 13
levels.Thespecimensareexposedtosapstainfungiandmolds.
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing
Evaluation of the Test 15
Report 16 against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a
mixed spore suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafter
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
incubation and the results used to determine the minimum
standard.
chemical treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
evaluation.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
2
Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4445–03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4445-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4445–09
6. Apparatus 9.1.1.3 Aureobasidium pullulans (d. By) Arnaud. (ATCC
16624).
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet),maintainedat
9.1.2 Mold Fungi:
a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70
9.1.2.1 Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai (ATCC 26801).
and 80%.
9.1.2.2 Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (ATCC 12091).
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
9.1.2.3 Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier (ATCC 10521).
6.3 Containers:
9.2 Softwoods:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 150
9.2.1 Sapstain Fungi:
(diameter) by 25 mm (height) with lid or,
9.2.1.1 Diplodia natalensis P. Evans (ATCC 34643).
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans,withminimumsizeof240by100by
9.2.1.2 Ceratocystis pilifera (Fr.) C. Moreau (ATCC
20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
15457).
6.4 Spacers:
9.2.1.3 Aureobasidium pullulans (d By) Arnaud (ATCC
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod, with 3 mm diameter or,
16624).
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the
9.2.2 Mold Fungi:
selected container(s).
9.2.2.1 Trichoderma pseudokoningii (Rifai (ATCC 26801).
9.2.2.2 Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (ATCC 12091).
7. Reagents
9.2.2.3 Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier (ATCC 10521).
7.1 Purity of Water—Referencetowatershallbeunderstood
9.3 General Consideration—In addition to the above fungi,
to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of
others that are known to
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4445–03 Designation:D4445–09
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This(laboratory)testmethodisusedfordeterminingtheminimumconcentrationoffungicide,orformulationoffungicides,
that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory
conditions.
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
Section
Summary of Method 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Apparatus 5
Apparatus 6
Reagents 6
Reagents 7
Wood 7
Wood 8
Test Fungi 8
Test Fungi 9
Culture Media 9
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
Treatment of Samples 12
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Evaluation of the Test 14
Evaluation of the Test 15
Report 15
Report 16
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejursisdictionofASTMCommitteeD07onWoodandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD07.06onTreatmentsforWoodProducts.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003.Sept. 15, 2009. Published June 2003.October 2009. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19912003
´1
as D4445–91(1996) .D4445–03. DOI: 10.1520/D4445-039.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4445–09
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.Summary of Method
3.1Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of a
fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds. The
toxicity of fungicides may be tested against individual fungi, in which case sterilization of the samples is necessary, or against
severalfungibyusingamixedsporesuspensionfortheinoculationofthespecimens;inthelattercase,sterilizationisunnecessary.
3.2The intensity of surface fungal growth is estimated after incubation and the results used to determine the chemical treatment
concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
4.Significance and Use
4.1This method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of a
fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds.
Optionsfortestingthetoxicityoffungicidesincludetestingagainstindividualfungioragainstseveralfungibyusingamixedspore
suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
4.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafterincubationandtheresultsusedtodeterminetheminimumchemical
treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
evaluation.
6. Apparatus
5.1
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet), maintained at a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70 and
80%.
5.2
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
5.3
6.3 Containers:
5.3.16.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum s
...
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