ASTM F1734-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe
Standard Practice for Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice relies on a screening process using visual inspection followed by 80 °C sustained pressure testing to qualify a squeeze-off process.
4.2 Squeeze-off is widely used to temporarily control the flow of gas in PE pipe. Squeeze tools vary in squeeze bar shape and size, operating method, and available stop gaps depending on the tool manufacturer and the size of the pipe the tool will be used on. Multiple squeeze tools are required for a range of pipe size and DR combinations. Squeeze-off procedures can vary depending on the tool design, pipe material, pipe size and DR, pipe operating conditions, and pipe environmental conditions.
4.3 Experience indicates that damage leading to gas pipe failure is possible with some combinations of polyethylene material, pipe temperature, tool design, wall compression percentage, and procedure. This practice is useful for determining the suitability of a tool for squeeze-off and for determining acceptable limits for squeeze-off such as acceptable minimum and maximum pipe temperature for squeeze and acceptable line pressure for squeeze. Tests conducted at different pipe temperatures with various sizes of tools and pipes can be used to verify a range of temperatures, tool sizes, and pipe sizes for which the squeeze-off procedure is applicable.
4.4 The area of wrinkling at the ears on the inside diameter (ID) of the pipe and the area on the outside of the pipe opposite the ears are examined. Evidence of any one or a combination of void formation, cracks or extensive localized stress whitening, or failure during sustained pressure testing disqualifies the squeeze-off process.
4.5 Typical unacceptable features implying long-term damage are shown in Appendix X1 photographs.
4.6 Studies of polyethylene pipe extruded in the late 1980s (PE2306 and PE3408) show that damage typically does not develop when the wall compression percentage is 30 % or less, when closure rates are 2 in./minute or less and release rates are...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off procedure to avoid long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe. Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside surfaces of pipe specimens at and near the squeeze to determine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage. If indicative features are absent, sustained pressure testing in accordance with Test Method D1598 is conducted to confirm the viability of the squeeze-off process.
Note 1: This practice may be useful for evaluating the effects of squeeze-off of other piping materials. If applied to other piping materials, research testing to confirm the applicability of this practice to other materials should be conducted.
Note 2: Qualification of historic pipe should follow the historic version of F1734 closest to the pipe manufactured data.
1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of squeeze tool, PE gas pipe, and squeeze-off procedure.
1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in accordance with Test Method F1563; and squeeze-off procedures based on with Guide F1041 with pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification D2513.
1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.
1.5 Where applicable in this practice, “pipe” shall mean “pipe and tubing.”
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standar...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1734 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and
Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in
1
Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
procedure to avoid long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
surfaces of pipe specimens at and near the squeeze to deter-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
If indicative features are absent, sustained pressure testing in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
accordance with Test Method D1598 is conducted to confirm
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the viability of the squeeze-off process.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—This practice may be useful for evaluating the effects of
squeeze-off of other piping materials. If applied to other piping materials,
2. Referenced Documents
research testing to confirm the applicability of this practice to other
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials should be conducted.
NOTE 2—Qualification of historic pipe should follow the historic D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
version of F1734 closest to the pipe manufactured data.
Under Constant Internal Pressure
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
squeeze tool, PE gas pipe, and squeeze-off procedure.
D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure
1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in accordance
F1041 Guide for Squeeze-Off of Polyolefin Gas Pressure
with Test Method F1563; and squeeze-off procedures based on
Pipe and Tubing
with Guide F1041 with pipe manufactured in accordance with
F1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene
Specification D2513.
(PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing
3
1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be
2.2 ISO Standards
consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as
ISO 4437 Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous
recommending practices or systems at variance with governing
fuels
codes and project specifications.
3. Terminology
1.5 Where applicable in this practice, “pipe” shall mean
“pipe and tubing.”
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 squeeze-off, n—a technique used to temporarily con-
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
trol the flow in a polyethylene pipe by flattening the pipe with
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
a mechanical or hydraulic device.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published May 2024. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F1734 – 19. DOI: Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
10.1520/F1734-24. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1734 − 24
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Depending on pipe siz
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1734 − 19 F1734 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and
Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in
1
Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off procedure to avoid
long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe. Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside surfaces of pipe
specimens at and near the squeeze to determine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage. If indicative features are
absent, sustained pressure testing in accordance with Specification Test Method D2513D1598 is conducted to confirm the viability
of the squeeze-off process. For assistance with specimen examination, an Adjunct, ADJF1734, is available from ASTM.
NOTE 1—This practice may be useful for evaluating the effects of squeeze-off of other piping materials. If applied to other piping materials, research
testing to confirm the applicability of this practice to other materials should be conducted.
NOTE 2—Qualification of historic pipe should follow the historic version of F1734 closest to the pipe manufactured data.
1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of squeeze tool, PE gas pipe and squeeze-off procedure, and is particularly
appropriate for pre-1975 Polyethylene (PE) pipe, and for pipe sizes of 8 in. or above, because of a greater possibility of long-term
damage.pipe, and squeeze-off procedure.
1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers, pipe manufacturers and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in
accordance with Specification Test Method F1563; and squeeze-off procedures in accordancebased on with Guide F1041 with pipe
manufactured in accordance with Specification D2513.
1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as recommending
practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.
1.5 Where applicable in this guide,practice, “pipe” shall mean “pipe and tubing.”
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019April 1, 2024. Published February 2019May 2024. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092019 as
F1734 – 03F1734 – 19.(2009) which was withdrawn April 2018 and reinstated in January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/F1734-19. DOI: 10.1520/F1734-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1734 − 24
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
F1041 Guide for Squeeze-Off of Polyolefin Gas Pressure Pipe and Tubing
F1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
Interpretation Aid for Squeeze-Off Damage
3
2.2
...
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