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ASTM D8067/D8067M-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a Picture Frame Fixture

Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a Picture Frame Fixture

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In-plane shear loading tests on flat sandwich constructions may be conducted to determine the sandwich panel in-plane shear stiffness, the face sheets’ in-plane strength, the core shear instability strength, or panel buckling response.  
5.2 This test method can be used to produce face sheet strength data for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development applications; it may also be used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels.  
5.3 Factors that influence the panel strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: face sheet material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, face sheet stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core shear and compressive strength, core shear and compressive stiffness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, face sheet void content, adhesive void content, and face sheet volume percent reinforcement. Further, face sheet strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured face sheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of apparent in-plane shear strength and stiffness properties of flat sandwich constructions with composite face sheets. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The square test specimen with corner notches is mechanically fastened to a pinned metal frame along each edge. The frame is loaded in uni-axial tension which produces tensile forces in the frame elements at a 45° angle to the applied tension. These tensile forces act along the edges of the specimen to cause a state of predominately shear stress to transfer the applied force through the specimen. Procedure A uses a specimen without edge doublers; Procedure B uses a specimen with four discrete edge doublers; Procedure C uses a specimen with a continuous edge doubler.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. .

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2016
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM D3878-15 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D3878-16 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM E456-13A(2017)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D3878-18 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D3878-19 - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Refers
ASTM E456-13A(2017)e3 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Refers
ASTM D3878-19a - Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM E251-20a - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM E251-20 - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017

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ASTM D8067/D8067M-17 - Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a Picture Frame FixtureASTM D8067/D8067M-17 - Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a Picture Frame Fixture
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ASTM D8067/D8067M-17 - Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a Picture Frame Fixture
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8067/D8067M − 17
Standard Test Method for
In-Plane Shear Properties of Sandwich Panels Using a
1
Picture Frame Fixture
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8067/D8067M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers determination of apparent 2.1 ASTM Standards:
in-plane shear strength and stiffness properties of flat sandwich D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
constructions with composite face sheets. Permissible core D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
(such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). Composite Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2 The square test specimen with corner notches is me-
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
chanically fastened to a pinned metal frame along each edge.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Theframeisloadedinuni-axialtensionwhichproducestensile
ASTM Test Methods
forces in the frame elements at a 45° angle to the applied
E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-
tension. These tensile forces act along the edges of the
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
specimen to cause a state of predominately shear stress to
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
transfer the applied force through the specimen. Procedure A
uses a specimen without edge doublers; Procedure B uses a
3. Terminology
specimen with four discrete edge doublers; Procedure C uses a
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
specimen with a continuous edge doubler.
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
with the standard.
dence over the other terminologies.
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
3.2 Acronyms:
brackets.
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
population for a given property (in percent)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
su
3.2.2 F —face sheet ultimate shear stress
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 G—effective face sheet chord shear modulus
f
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. .
3.2.4 γ—measured engineering shear strain in face sheet
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.5 L—length of specimen between doubler edges
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.6 n—number of specimens
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.7 P—applied force
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.8 P —maximumforcecarriedbytestspecimenbefore
max
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
failure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sandwich Construction. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8067_D8067M–17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8067/D8067M − 17
3.2.9 q—running shear force per unit width along s
...

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Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
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5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
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5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
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5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
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5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance and residual strength properties of a sandwich construction is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material selection, research and development activities, and establishing design allowables.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated residual strength capability of sandwich constructions of similar facesheet and core material, adhesive, facesheet and core thickness, facesheet stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the residual strength of sandwich constructions is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters.  
5.4 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.  
5.5 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing.  
5.6 Results from the residual strength assessmen...
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1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of sandwich constructions that have been subjected to quasi-static indentation or drop-weight impact per Practice D7766/D7766M.
Note 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Sandwich Compression After Impact test method.  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include; specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, the type, size, and location of damage and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test undamaged specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. Test Methods C364 and D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for undamaged sandwich panel compression strength by edgewise compression or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, t...

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ASTM D8454/D8454M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a standard method of determining the open-hole (notched) strength of the sandwich panel for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development.  
5.2 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence notched sandwich compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, specimen/fixture alignment, time at temperature, and speed of testing. Further, notched sandwich compressive strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.  
5.3 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions in a direction parallel to the sandwich facesheet plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, with a centrally located open through-hole, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include: specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test unnotched specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. ASTM Test Methods C364 or D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for unnotched sandwich panel compression strength or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7291/D7291M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Through-Thickness “Flatwise” Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.  
1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7332/D7332M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce fastener pull-through resistance data for structural design allowables, research and development. The procedures may be used to assess pull-through resistance for a variety of composite laminate thicknesses, fastener diameters, and fastener head styles. However, the flexibility of test parameters allowed by the variants makes meaningful comparison between datasets difficult if the datasets were not generated using identical test parameters.  
5.2 Early composite pull-through tests using fasteners common to metal structures led to premature joint failures, and resulted in the development of fasteners specific for composite applications. These fasteners have larger heads and tails to reduce through-thickness compression stresses on the composite laminate.  
5.3 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.  
5.4 Specific factors that influence the pull-through resistance of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: hole diameter, fastener diameter, fastener head diameter, loading bar spacing to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure A), clearance hole diameter to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure B), diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance, countersink angle and depth of countersink, type of grommet (if used), and type of support fixture. Fastener pull-through resistance properties which may be determined from this test method include initial sub-critical failure force/displacement, failure force, maximum force, and rupture displacement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.  
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.  
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.  
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener pull-through test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish a...

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ASTM
ASTM D5448/D5448M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce inplane shear property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the inplane shear response and should therefore be reported are material, method of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, that may be obtained from this test method are as follows:  
5.1.1 Inplane Shear Strength, τ12u,  
5.1.2 Inplane Shear Strain at Failure, γ12u , and  
5.1.3 Inplane Shear Modulus, G12.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the inplane shear properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in torsion for determination of inplane shear properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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