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ASTM D7213-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.
This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include light and medium petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D 2887 (538°C) and below Test Method D 6352 (700°C).
Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are theoretically equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D 2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D 86 or D 1160.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling point greater than 100°C and a final boiling point less than 615°C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.
1.2 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight components (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example, alcohols, ethers, acids or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D 3710, D 2887, D 6352, or D 5307.
1.3 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0H - Chromatographic Distribution Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7213-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8519-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Types in Waste Plastic Process Oil Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7500-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils—in Boiling Range from 100 °C to 735 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D7213-05 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas ChromatographyASTM D7213-05 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography
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ASTM D7213-05 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 7213 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the
Boiling Range from 100 to 615°C by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheboiling
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is
at Reduced Pressure
applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
point greater than 100°C and a final boiling point less than
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
615°C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
method.
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
1.2 The test method is not applicable for analysis of
D3710 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight compo-
Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
nents (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for
Response Factors
example, alcohols, ethers, acids or esters) or residue are not to
D5307 Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range
be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D3710,
Distribution of Crude Petroleum by Gas Chromatography
D2887, D6352,or D5307.
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.3 This test method uses the principles of simulated distil-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
lation methodology.
Lubricants
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D6352 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 to 700°C
only.
by Gas Chromatography
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tionships
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E594 Practice forTesting Flame Ionization Detectors Used
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
2. Referenced Documents
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—This test method makes reference to many
common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relation-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
ships. Detailed definitions of these can be found in Practices
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
E355, E594, and E1510.
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.1 area slice—the area, resulting from the integration of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the chromatographic detector signal, within a specified reten-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tiontimeinterval.Inareaslicemode(see6.4.2),peakdetection
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7213–05
parameters are bypassed and the detector signal integral is distribution. The boiling point temperature at each reported
recorded as area slices of consecutive, fixed duration time percent off increment is calculated from the retention time
intervals. calibration.
3.2.2 corrected area slice—an area slice corrected for base-
line offset, by subtraction of the exactly corresponding area
5. Significance and Use
slice in a previously recorded blank (non-sample) analysis.
5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium
3.2.3 cumulative corrected area—the accumulated sum of
petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the
correctedareaslicesfromthebeginningoftheanalysisthrough
composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum
a given retention time, ignoring any non-sample area (for
refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of
example, solvent).
boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation
3.2.4 final boiling point (FBP)—the temperature (corre-
methods for control of refining operations. This test method
spondingtotheretentiontime)atwhichacumulativecorrected
can be used for product specification testing with the mutual
area count equal to 99.5% of the total sample area under the
agreement of interested parties.
chromatogram is obtained.
5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range
3.2.5 initial boiling point (IBP)—the temperature (corre-
determination by gas chromatography to include light and
spondingtotheretentiontime)atwhichacumulativecorrected
mediumpetroleumdistillatefractionsbeyondthescopeofTest
area count equal to 0.5% of the total sample area under the
Method D2887 (538°C) and below Test Method D6352
chromatogram is obtained.
(700°C).
3.2.6 slice rate—the time interval used to integrate the
5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method
continuous (analog) chromatographic detector response during
are theoretically equivalent to those obtained by true boiling
an analysis. The slice rate is expressed in Hz (for example,
point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are
integrations or slices per second).
notequivalenttoresultsfromlowefficiencydistillationsuchas
3.2.7 slice time—the cumulative slice rate (analysis time)
those obtained with Test MethodD86 or D1160.
associatedwitheachareaslicethroughoutthechromatographic
analysis. The slice time is the time at the end of each
6. Apparatus
contiguous area slice.
6.1 Chromatograph—The gas chromatographic system
3.2.8 total sample area—the cumulative corrected area,
used shall have the following performance characteristics:
from the initial point to the final area point.
6.1.1 Column Oven—Capable of sustained and linear pro-
3.3 Abbreviations—A common abbreviation of hydrocar-
grammed temperature operation from near ambient (for ex-
bon compounds is to designate the number of carbon atoms in
ample, 35 to 50°C) up to 400°C.
the compound. A prefix is used to indicate the carbon chain
6.1.2 Column Temperature Programmer—The chromato-
form, while a subscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon
graph shall be capable of linear programmed temperature
atoms (for example, normal decane n-C ; iso-tetradecane =
l0
operationupto400°Catselectablelinearratesupto20°C/min.
i-C ).
l4
The programming rate shall be sufficiently reproducible to
4. Summary of Test Method
obtain the retention time repeatability of 0.1 min (6 s) for each
component in the calibration mixture described in 7.5.
4.1 The boiling range distribution by distillation is simu-
6.1.3 Detector—This test method requires a flame ioniza-
latedbytheuseofgaschromatography.Thesolventshouldnot
tion detector (FID). The detector shall meet or exceed the
interfere with measurement of the sample in the 100 to 615°C
following specifications as detailed in Practice E594. The
range, and it should be apolar. A non-polar open tubular
flame jet should have an orifice of approximately 0.05 to 0.07
(capillary) gas chromatographic column is used to elute the
mm.
hydrocarbon components of the sample in order of increasing
6.1.3.1 Operating Temperature, , 400°C.
boiling point.
6.1.3.2 Sensitivity, >0.005 coulombs/g carbon.
4.2 A sample aliquot is diluted with a viscosity reducing
-11
6.1.3.3 Minimum Detectability,1 3 10 g carbon/s.
solvent and introduced into the chromatographic system.
6.1.3.4 Linear Range, >10 .
Sample vaporization is provided by separate heating of the
point of injection or in conjunction with column oven heating. 6.1.3.5 Connection of the column to the detector shall be
such that no temperature below the column temperature exists.
4.3 Thecolumnoventemperatureisraisedatareproducible
linear rate to effect separation of the hydrocarbon components Refer to Practice E1510 for proper installation and condition-
ing of the capillary column.
in order of increasing boiling point. The elution of sample
components is quantitatively determined using a flame ioniza- 6.1.4 Sample Inlet System—Any sample inlet system ca-
tion detector. The detector signal integral is recorded as area pable of meeting the performance specification in 7.6 may be
slices for consecutive retention time intervals during the used. Programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) and pro-
analysis. grammable cool on-column injection systems have been used
4.4 Retention times of known normal paraffin hydrocarbons successfully.
spanningthescopeofthistestmethod(C -C )aredetermined 6.1.5 Carrier Gas Flow Control—The chromatograph shall
5 60
and correlated to their boiling point temperatures.The normal- beequippedwithcarriergaspressureorflowcontrolcapableof
ized cumulative corrected sample areas for each consecutive maintaining constant carrier gas flow control through the
recorded time interval are used to calculate the boiling range column throughout the column temperature program cycle.
D7213–05
6.2 Microsyringe—A microsyringe with a 23 gauge or 7.2 Hydrogen—Hydrogen of high purity (for example,
smaller stainless steel needle is used for on-column sample hydrocarbon-free) is used as fuel for the flame ionization
introduction. Syringes of 0.1 to 10 µL capacity are available. detector (FID). (Warning—Hydrogen is an extremely flam-
6.2.1 Automatic syringe injection is recommended to mable gas under high pressure.)
achieve best precision. 7.3 Air—High purity (for example, hydrocarbon-free) com-
6.3 Column—This test method is limited to the use of pressed air is used as the oxidant for the flame ionization
non-polar wall coated open tubular (WCOT) columns of high detector(FID).(Warning—Compressedairisagasunderhigh
thermal stability. Glass, fused silica, and stainless steel col- pressure and supports combustion.)
umns, with a 0.53 mm diameter have been successfully used. 7.4 Solvents—Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthat
Cross-linked or bonded 100% dimethyl-polysiloxane station- all solvents conform to the specifications of the committee on
ary phases with film thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 mm have been analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
used. The column length and liquid phase film thickness shall such specifications are available. Other grades may be used
allow the elution of at least C n-paraffin (BP = 615°C). The provided it is first ascertained that the solvent is of sufficiently
column and conditions shall provide separation of typical high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
petroleum hydrocarbons in order of increasing boiling point the determination.
and meet the column resolution requirements of 8.2.1. The 7.4.1 Carbon Disulfide (CS )—(99+% pure) may be used
column shall provide a resolution between one and ten using as a viscosity reducing solvent and as a means of reducing
this test method’s operating conditions. mass of sample introduced onto the column to ensure linear
6.4 Data Acquisition System: detector response and reduced peak skewness. It is miscible
6.4.1 Recorder—A 0 to 1 mV range recording potentiom- with asphaltic hydrocarbons and provides a relatively small
eter or equivalent, with a full-scale response time of2sor less response with the FID. The quality (hydrocarbon content)
may be used to provide a graphical display. should be determined by this test method prior to use as a
6.4.2 Integrator—Means shall be provided for determining sample diluent. (Warning—Carbon disulfide is extremely
the accumulated area under the chromatogram. This can be flammable and toxic.)
done by means of an electronic integrator or computer-based 7.5 Cyclohexane (C H )—(99+% pure) may be used as a
6 12
chromatography data system. The integrator/computer system viscosity reducing solvent. It is miscible with asphaltic hydro-
shallhavenormalchromatographicsoftwareformeasuringthe carbons, however, it responds well to the FID. The quality
retention time and areas of eluting peaks (peak detection (hydrocarbon content) should be determined by this test
mode). In addition, the system shall be capable of converting method prior to use as a sample diluent. (Warning—
the continuously integrated detector signal into area slices of Cyclohexane is flammable.)
fixed duration (area slice mode). These contiguous area slices, 7.6 Calibration Mixture—A qualitative mixture of
collectedfortheentireanalysis,arestoredforlaterprocessing. n-paraffins (nominally C to C ) dissolved in a suitable
5 60
Theelectronicrangeoftheintegrator/computer(forexample,1 solvent. The final concentration should be approximately one
V, 10 V) shall be operated within the linear range of the part of n-paraffin mixture to one hundred parts of solvent. At
detector/electrometer system used. least one compound in the mixture shall have a boiling point
lower than the initial boiling point of the sample being
NOTE 1—Some gas chromatographs have an algorithm built into their
analyzed, as defined in the scope of this test method (1.1).The
operating software that allows a mathematical model of the baseline
calibration mixture shall contain at least 13 known n-paraffins
profile to be stored in memory. This profile is automatically subtracted
(for example, C,C,C,C,C ,C ,C ,C ,C ,C ,C ,
from the detector signal on subsequent sample runs to compensate for the
6 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 30 40 50
column bleed. Some integration systems also store and automatically
C ,C ). Boiling points of n-paraffins are listed in Table 1.
52 60
subtract a blank analysis from subsequent analytical determinations.
NOTE 2—A suitable calibration mixture can be obtained by dissolving
3 4
a polyolefin wax (for example, Polywax 500 ) in a volatile solvent (for
7. Reagents and Materials
example,carbondisulfideorcyclohexane).SolutionsofonepartPolywax
7.1 Carrier Gas—Helium, nitrogen or hydrogen of high
to one hundred parts solvent can be prepared. Lower boiling point
purity
...

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5.3 The between methods reproducibility established by this practice can be used to construct an interval around  Y^ that would contain the result of test method Y, if it were conducted, with approximately 95 % probability.  
5.4 This practice can be used to guide commercial agreements and product disposition decisions involving test methods that have been evaluated relative to each other in accordance with this practice.  
5.5 The magnitude of a statistically detectable bias is directly related to the uncertainties of the statistics from the experimental study. These uncertainties are related to both the size of the data set and the precision of the processes being studied. A large data set, or, highly precise test method(s), or both, can reduce the uncertainties of experimental statistics to the point where the “statistically detectable” bias can become “trivially small,” or be considered of no practical consequence in the intended use of the test method under study. Therefore, users of this practice are advised to determine in advance as to the magnitude of bias correction below which they would consider it to be unnecessary, or, of no practical concern for the intended application prior to execution of this practice.
Note 6: It should be noted that the determination of this minimum bias of no practical concern is not a statistical decision, but rather, a subjective decision that is directly dependent on the application requirements of the users.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.
Note 1: Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.  
1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction, or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.  
1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the othe...

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ASTM
ASTM D6300-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.  
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).  
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.  
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method.  
5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods. The use of this practice replaces that of Re...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.  
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.  
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D86-23ae1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.  
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.  
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.  
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

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