ASTM C1817-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for The Determination of the Oxygen to Metal (O/M) Ratio in Sintered Mixed Oxide ((U, Pu)O2) Pellets by Gravimetry
Standard Test Method for The Determination of the Oxygen to Metal (O/M) Ratio in Sintered Mixed Oxide ((U, Pu)O<inf>2</inf>) Pellets by Gravimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 MOX is used as a nuclear-reactor fuel. This test method is designed to determine whether the O/M ratio meets the requirements of the fuel specification. Examples for establishing a fuel specification are given in Specification C833.
5.2 This method is suitable for all sintered MOX pellets containing up to 12 weight % PuO2 when the UO2 and PuO2 meet the requirements of Specifications C753 and C757.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is an alternative method to Test Method C698 for the determination of the oxygen-to-metal atom ratio (O/M) in sintered mixed oxide fuel (MOX) pellets. The method presented in Test Method C698 is a one-step thermogravimetric method for determining O/M ratio in sintered MOX powders and pellets. As stated in Test Method C698, thermogravimetric methods using a two-step heating cycle are also satisfactory (1, 2).2 The method presented in this test method is a two-step heating cycle method. This test method is applicable to sintered MOX pellets containing up to 10 weight percent PuO2.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1817 − 16
Standard Test Method for
The Determination of the Oxygen to Metal (O/M) Ratio in
1
Sintered Mixed Oxide ((U, Pu)O ) Pellets by Gravimetry
2
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C833 Specification for Sintered (Uranium-Plutonium) Diox-
ide Pellets
1.1 This practice is an alternative method to Test Method
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C698 for the determination of the oxygen-to-metal atom ratio
C1068 Guide for Qualification of Measurement Methods by
(O/M)insinteredmixedoxidefuel(MOX)pellets.Themethod
a Laboratory Within the Nuclear Industry
presented in Test Method C698 is a one-step thermogravimet-
C1672 Test Method for Determination of Uranium or Pluto-
ric method for determining O/M ratio in sintered MOX
nium Isotopic Composition or Concentration by the Total
powders and pellets. As stated in Test Method C698, thermo-
Evaporation Method Using a Thermal Ionization Mass
gravimetric methods using a two-step heating cycle are also
2 Spectrometer
satisfactory (1, 2). The method presented in this test method is
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
atwo-stepheatingcyclemethod.Thistestmethodisapplicable
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
to sintered MOX pellets containing up to 10 weight percent
Atmospheres
PuO .
2
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO 21484 Nuclear Fuel Technology – Determination of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
O/M Ratio in MOX Pellets – Gravimetric Method – First
standard.
Edition
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method but not
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
defined herein, refer to Terminology C859.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 average of the relative atomic mass—the weighted
2. Referenced Documents
3 average of the relative atomic mass of an element calculated as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a function of its isotopic composition.
C698 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and
3.2.2 mole fraction—the ratio of the number of molecules
Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Mixed Ox-
(or moles) of a compound or element to the total number of
ides ((U, Pu)O )
2
molecules (or moles) present (Terminology D1356).
C753 Specification for Nuclear-Grade, Sinterable Uranium
Dioxide Powder
3.2.3 MOX—nuclearfuelcomposedofamixtureofuranium
C757 Specification for Nuclear-Grade Plutonium Dioxide
and plutonium oxides ((U, Pu)O ).
2
Powder, Sinterable
3.2.4 O/M—ratio of the oxygen atoms divided by the metal
atoms in the sample.
3.2.5 relative atomic mass—a dimensionless physical
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
quantity, the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
1
Test. (from a single given sample or source) to ⁄12 of the mass of an
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
atom of carbon-12 (known as the unified atomic mass unit).
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1817 – 15. DOI:
3.2.6 scavenging—the process of pushing a gas out by
10.1520/C1817-16.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
introducing a fresh flow in.
this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1817 − 16
3.2.7 sintering—to increase the bonding in a mass of pow- 6. Interferences
der or a compact by heating below the melting point of the
6.1 Impurities in the sample may lead to inaccuracies i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1817 − 15 C1817 − 16
Standard Test Method for
The Determination of the Oxygen to Metal (O/M) Ratio in
1
Sintered Mixed Oxide ((U, Pu)O ) Pellets by Gravimetry
2
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is an alternative method to Test Method C698 for the determination of the oxygen-to-metal atom ratio (O/M)
in sintered mixed oxide fuel (MOX) pellets. The method presented in Test Method C698 is a one-step thermogravimetric method
for determining O/M ratio in sintered MOX powders and pellets. As stated in Test Method C698, thermogravimetric methods using
2
a two-step heating cycle are also satisfactory (1, 2). The method presented in this test method is a two-step heating cycle method.
This test method is applicable to sintered MOX pellets containing up to 10 weight percent PuO .
2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C698 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Mixed Oxides ((U,
Pu)O )
2
C753 Specification for Nuclear-Grade, Sinterable Uranium Dioxide Powder
C757 Specification for Nuclear-Grade Plutonium Dioxide Powder, Sinterable
C833 Specification for Sintered (Uranium-Plutonium) Dioxide Pellets
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C1068 Guide for Qualification of Measurement Methods by a Laboratory Within the Nuclear Industry
C1672 Test Method for Determination of Uranium or Plutonium Isotopic Composition or Concentration by the Total
Evaporation Method Using a Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 21484 Nuclear Fuel Technology – Determination of the O/M Ratio in MOX Pellets – Gravimetric Method – First Edition
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method but not defined herein, refer to Terminology C859.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 average of the relative atomic mass—the weighted average of the relative atomic mass of an element calculated as a
function of its isotopic composition.
3.2.2 mole fraction—the ratio of the number of molecules (or moles) of a compound or element to the total number of molecules
(or moles) present (Terminology D1356).
3.2.3 MOX—nuclear fuel composed of a mixture of uranium and plutonium oxides ((U, Pu)O ).
2
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Jan. 15, 2016. Published July 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
C1817 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1817-15.10.1520/C1817-16.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1817 − 16
3.2.4 O/M—ratio of the oxygen atoms divided by the metal atoms in the sample.
3.2.5 relative atomic mass—a dimensionless physical quantity, the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element (from a
1
single given sample or source) to ⁄12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (known as the unified atomic mass unit).
3.2.6 scavenging—the process of pushing a gas out by introducing a fresh flow in.
3.2.7
...
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