ASTM D1144-99(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds
Standard Practice for Determining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice contains suggested provisions for reporting strength values. Any ASTM test method for determining strength properties of adhesive bonds may be used. This practice is not intended to determine the pot or working life of two-component epoxy of similar type adhesives. Refer to Practice D1338. It should be noted that there are adhesives whose testing requires special techniques and whose properties are difficult to reproduce from tester to tester. These variables should be kept in mind when analyzing the data obtained using this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strength development of adhesive bonds when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that require curing at specified conditions of time and temperature or specific substrate preparation. It is intended primarily to be used with metal-to-metal adherends; however, plastics, woods, glass, or combinations of these may be substituted.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: D1144 − 99 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
1
Determining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 fixture time (set time), n—the shortest time required by
an adhesive to develop handling strength such that test speci-
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strength
mens can be removed from fixtures, unclamped, or handled
development of adhesive bonds when tested on a standard
without stressing the bond, thereby affecting bond strength.
specimen under specified conditions of preparation and testing.
3.2.3 handling strength, n—a low level of strength initially
It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that require
obtained by an adhesive that allows specimens to be handled,
curing at specified conditions of time and temperature or
moved, or unclamped without causing disruption of the curing
specific substrate preparation. It is intended primarily to be
process or affecting bond strength.
used with metal-to-metal adherends; however, plastics, woods,
glass, or combinations of these may be substituted.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 This practice contains suggested provisions for report-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ing strength values. Any ASTM test method for determining
only.
strength properties of adhesive bonds may be used. This
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
practice is not intended to determine the pot or working life of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
two-component epoxy of similar type adhesives. Refer to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Practice D1338. It should be noted that there are adhesives
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
whose testing requires special techniques and whose properties
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are difficult to reproduce from tester to tester. These variables
should be kept in mind when analyzing the data obtained using
2. Referenced Documents
this practice.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Test Specimens
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
5.1 It is suggested that lap-type shear specimens in accor-
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
dance with Test Method D1002, be used. Other types of test
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
specimens may be used with agreement between the manufac-
D1338 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-
turer and the purchaser.
sives by Consistency and Bond Strength
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
3. Terminology
6.1 Prepare test specimens in accordance with Test Method
3.1 Definitions—Several terms in this practice are defined in
D1002, or other applicable test method. Prepare the bonding
accordance with Terminology D907.
surface by a method mutually agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. Vapor phase degreasing, grit
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
blasting,handabrasion,ortestingonoiledsurfacesaresomeof
3.2.1 activator, or accelerator (surface), n—an adhesive
the methods that are available. If a surface activator or
curingagentthatisappliedtoabondingsurfaceforthepurpose
accelerator is used, apply it in accordance with the instructions
of affecting or speeding, or both, the cure of an adhesive.
of the manufacturer. Use one- or two- surface activation as
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
Allow assembled specimens to cure at the temperature and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.
period of time prescribed by the manufacturer to develop full
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
strength. This is intended to determine if any post curing of the
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1144 – 99 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D1144-99R16.
adhesive occurs that would cause a strength increase and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
decrease. Bond strength variability could be caused by em-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
brittlement or a further hardening of the adhesive during the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cure cycle.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1144 − 99 (Reapproved 2011) D1144 − 99 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
1
Determining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strength development of adhesive bonds when tested on a standard specimen
under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that require curing at
specified conditions of time and temperature or specific substrate preparation. It is intended primarily to be used with
metal-to-metal adherends; however, plastics, woods, glass, or combinations of these may be substituted.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading
(Metal-to-Metal)
D1338 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhesives by Consistency and Bond Strength
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Several terms in this practice are defined in accordance with Terminology D907.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 activator, or accelerator (surface), n—an adhesive curing agent that is applied to a bonding surface for the purpose of
affecting or speeding, or both, the cure of an adhesive.
3.2.2 fixture time (set time), n—the shortest time required by an adhesive to develop handling strength such that test specimens
can be removed from fixtures, unclamped, or handled without stressing the bond, thereby affecting bond strength.
3.2.3 handling strength, n—a low level of strength initially obtained by an adhesive that allows specimens to be handled, moved,
or unclamped without causing disruption of the curing process or affecting bond strength.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice contains suggested provisions for reporting strength values. Any ASTM test method for determining strength
properties of adhesive bonds may be used. This practice is not intended to determine the pot or working life of two-component
epoxy of similar type adhesives. Refer to Practice D1338. It should be noted that there are adhesives whose testing requires special
techniques and whose properties are difficult to reproduce from tester to tester. These variables should be kept in mind when
analyzing the data obtained using this practice.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 It is suggested that lap-type shear specimens in accordance with Test Method D1002, be used. Other types of test specimens
may be used with agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published April 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D1144 – 99 (2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D1144-99R11.10.1520/D1144-99R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1144 − 99 (2016)
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 Prepare test specimens in accordance with Test Method D1002, or other applicable test method. Prepare the bonding surface
by a method mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Vapor phase degreasing, grit blasting, hand
abrasion, or testing on oiled surfaces are some of the methods that are available. If a surface activator or accelerator is used, a
...
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