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ASTM D7974-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel are being approved for blending with jet fuel provided that they meet a purity specification of more than 97 % farnesane, more than 98 % saturated hydrocarbons, and less than 1.5 % hexahydrofarnesol in accordance with Specification D7566. This test method provides a method of determining the percentage of farnesane (purity) in the synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel for blending with jet fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of farnesane (2,6,10-trimethyldodecane), saturated hydrocarbons, and hexahydrofarnesol content in synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel for blending with jet fuel by gas chromatography.  
1.2 Farnesane is determined from 96 % to 99.9 % by mass. Sum of saturated hydrocarbons including farnesane is determined from 97 % to 99.9 % by mass, and hexahydrofarnesol is determined from 0.02 % to 2.0 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method does identify and quantify main impurities or group type of impurities but does not purport to identify all individual components that can be present in synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel for jet fuel blending.  
1.4 This test method is inappropriate for impurities that boil at temperatures higher than 460 °C or for impurities that cause poor or no response in a flame ionization detector.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2015
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7974-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas ChromatographyASTM D7974-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas Chromatography
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ASTM D7974-15 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas Chromatography
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7974 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons, and
Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins
(SIP) Fuel for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
Analytical Standards
1.1 This test method covers the determination of farnesane
D7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing
(2,6,10-trimethyldodecane), saturated hydrocarbons, and hexa-
Synthesized Hydrocarbons
hydrofarnesol content in synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
for blending with jet fuel by gas chromatography.
ships
1.2 Farnesane is determined from 96 % to 99.9 % by mass.
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
Sum of saturated hydrocarbons including farnesane is deter-
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
mined from 97 % to 99.9 % by mass, and hexahydrofarnesol is
determined from 0.02 % to 2.0 % by mass. 3. Terminology
1.3 This test method does identify and quantify main 3.1 Definitions:
impurities or group type of impurities but does not purport to 3.1.1 This test method makes reference to many common
identify all individual components that can be present in gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships.
synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel for jet fuel blending. Detailed definitions can be found in Practices E355 and E594.
3.1.2 saturated hydrocarbons, n—paraffinic and naphthenic
1.4 This test method is inappropriate for impurities that boil
compounds.
at temperatures higher than 460 °C or for impurities that cause
poor or no response in a flame ionization detector.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 A representative aliquot of the synthesized iso-paraffins
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(SIP) fuel sample is introduced into a gas chromatograph
standard.
equipped with a 5 % phenyl-methylpolysiloxane bonded phase
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
capillary column. Helium or hydrogen carrier gas transports
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the vaporized aliquot through the column where the compo-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nents are separated by the chromatographic process. Compo-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
nents are sensed by a flame ionization detector as they elute
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from the column. The detector signal is processed by an
electronic data acquisition system. The farnesane and its
2. Referenced Documents
impurities are identified by comparing their relative retention
2
times to the ones reported in the method. Identification has
2.1 ASTM Standards:
been previously performed analyzing reference samples by
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
mass spectrometry under identical conditions. The concentra-
Petroleum Products
tions of all components are determined in mass percent area by
normalization of the peak areas.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
5.1 Synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel are being approved
Current edition approved March 15, 2015. Published June 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
D7974-15.
for blending with jet fuel provided that they meet a purity
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specification of more than 97 % farnesane, more than 98 %
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
saturated hydrocarbons, and less than 1.5 % hexahydrofarnesol
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in accordance with Specification D7566. This test method
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7974 − 15
provides a method of determining the percentage of farnesane under high pressure.) (Warning—Hydrogen, extremely flam-
(purity) in the synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP) fuel for blending mablegasunderhighpressure.)Theuseofhydrogensensorsin
with jet fuel. the oven is strongly recommended that can shutoff the hydr
...

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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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SCOPE
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off