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ASTM D3823-07(2018)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads

Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This system of sewing thread ticket numbers was developed to overcome the confusion arising from the use by the thread industry of a multiple number of undefined and unrelated ticketing systems.  
4.2 The practice is used by sewing thread manufacturers to determine the ticket number to be assigned to a sewing thread. The ticket number is an indicator of the amount of raw fiber in the thread. It is based on greige thread rather than finished thread because finishing processes such as bleaching, dyeing, stretching, mercerizing, or sewing finish application significantly change the apparent thread size so that it may become an inadequate indicator of raw fiber present. Because of the foregoing it is not practical to verify the ticket number by sizing the finished thread.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standard ticket numbers for sewing thread regardless of fiber content or type of thread.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard; the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2018
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3823-07(2012) - Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Refers
ASTM D4849-13(2018) - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Refers
ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D4849-13e3 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Refers
ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Refers
ASTM D4849-13e2 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Refers
ASTM D4849-13e1 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Refers
ASTM D123-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012

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ASTM D3823-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing ThreadsASTM D3823-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads
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ASTM D3823-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3823 − 07 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Determining Ticket Numbers for Sewing Threads
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
geige thread, sewing thread, ticket number.
1.1 This practice establishes standard ticket numbers for
sewing thread regardless of fiber content or type of thread. 3.2 For all other terms are related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard; the values in English units are provided as
4. Significance and Use
information only and are not exact equivalents.
4.1 This system of sewing thread ticket numbers was
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
developed to overcome the confusion arising from the use by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the thread industry of a multiple number of undefined and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unrelated ticketing systems.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 The practice is used by sewing thread manufacturers to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
determine the ticket number to be assigned to a sewing thread.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
The ticket number is an indicator of the amount of raw fiber in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the thread. It is based on greige thread rather than finished
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
thread because finishing processes such as bleaching, dyeing,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
stretching, mercerizing, or sewing finish application signifi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cantlychangetheapparentthreadsizesothatitmaybecomean
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
inadequate indicator of raw fiber present. Because of the
2. Referenced Documents foregoing it is not practical to verify the ticket number by
sizing the finished thread.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Sampling
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
5.1 Lot—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the pur-
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
chaser and supplier, a lot shall be a discrete manufacturing unit
ber) by the Skein Method
produced in a given period of time not to exceed a calendar
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
3 month.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by 5.2 LotSample—Selectthenumberofspecimensasdirected
in ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 using single sampling with a general
Attributes
inspection level of S1 and a 1.0 AQL.
3. Terminology
5.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
tance testing, take each unit in the lot sample.
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
5.4 Test Specimens—From each package in the laboratory
sample, take one specimen.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
6. Requirements
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
6.1 Sewing thread ticket numbers shall be based on the
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3823 – 07(2012).
average resultant yarn number and shall be designated as
DOI: 10.1520/D3823-07R18.
2 indicated in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7. Procedure
the ASTM website.
7.1 Determine in tex the
...

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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of crimp contraction, residual fiber shrinkage and their variability of all types of filament yarns (partially oriented yarn (POY), fully oriented yarn (FOY), flat yarns, textured and bulked continuous filament (BCF) carpet yarns) using an automated tester.
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1.1.1 This method may also be used for non-textured yarns.  
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Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    English language
    sale 15% off