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ASTM C1484-07

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels

Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for vacuum insulation panels (VIP). These panels have been used wherever high thermal resistance is desired in confined space applications, such as transportation, equipment, and appliances. The panel barrier consists of one or more layers of materials whose primary functions are to control gas diffusion to the core, and to provide mechanical protection. The core shall comprise a system of cells, microspheres, powders, fibers, aerogels, or laminates, whose chemical composition shall be organic, inorganic, or metallic. The physical and mechanical properties of vacuum insulation panels are presented in details. The compressive resistance, panel barrier permeance, and center-of-panel thermal resistivit shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The effective thermal resistance differs significantly from the product of the center-of-panel resistivity and the thickness, and this system characteristic must take into account the details of the overall VIP design as well as its installation. The creep and dimensional stability at service condition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP). These panels have been used wherever high thermal resistance is desired in confined space applications, such as transportation, equipment, and appliances.
1.2 Vacuum panels typically exhibit an edge effect due to differences between panel core and panel barrier thermal properties. This specification applies to composite panels whose center-of-panel apparent thermal resistivities (sec. 3.2.3) typically range from 87 to 870 mK/W (12.5 to 125 hrft2F/Btuin) at 24°C (75°F) mean, and whose intended service temperature boundaries range from -70 to 480°C (-94 to 900°F).
1.3 The specification applies to panels encompassing evacuated space with: some means of preventing panel collapse due to atmospheric pressure, some means of reducing radiation heat transfer, and some means of reducing the mean free path of the remaining gas molecules.
1.4 Limitations
1.4.1 The specification is intended for evacuated planar composites; it does not apply to non-planar evacuated self-supporting structures, such as containers or bottles with evacuated walls.
1.4.2 The specification describes the thermal performance considerations in the use of these insulations. Because this market is still developing, discrete classes of products have not yet been defined and standard performance values are not yet available.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health specifications and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety considerations see Annex A1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2007
ICS
91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.22 - Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1484-01 - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C1484-09 - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1667-15 - Standard Test Method for Using Heat Flow Meter Apparatus to Measure the Center-of-Panel Thermal Transmission Properties of Vacuum Insulation Panels
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1774-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Cryogenic Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1558-19 - Standard Guide for Development of Standard Data Records for Computerization of Thermal Transmission Test Data for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007

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ASTM C1484-07 - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation PanelsASTM C1484-07 - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
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ASTM C1484-07 - Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1484 – 07
Standard Specification for
1
Vacuum Insulation Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP). These panels have been used C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties
wherever high thermal resistance is desired in confined space of Thermal Insulations
applications, such as transportation, equipment, and appli- C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
ances. C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
1.2 Vacuum panels typically exhibit an edge effect due to ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
differences between panel core and panel barrier thermal the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
properties. This specification applies to composite panels C 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-
whose center-of-panel apparent thermal resistivities (sec. erties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
3.2.3) typically range from 87 to 870 m·K/W (12.5 to 125 C 480 Test Method for Flexure Creep of Sandwich Con-
2
hr·ft ·°F/Btu·in) at 24°C (75°F) mean, and whose intended structions
service temperature boundaries range from –70 to 480°C (–94 C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
to 900°F). Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
1.3 Thespecificationappliestopanelsencompassingevacu- C 740 Practice for Evacuated Reflective Insulation In Cryo-
ated space with: some means of preventing panel collapse due genic Service
to atmospheric pressure, some means of reducing radiation C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
heat transfer, and some means of reducing the mean free path Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
of the remaining gas molecules. C 1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that
1.4 Limitations Produce Contact Burn Injuries
1.4.1 The specification is intended for evacuated planar C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
composites; it does not apply to non-planar evacuated self- and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
supporting structures, such as containers or bottles with evacu- C 1114 TestMethodforSteady-StateThermalTransmission
ated walls. Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
1.4.2 The specification describes the thermal performance C 1136 Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor
considerations in the use of these insulations. Because this Retarders for Thermal Insulation
market is still developing, discrete classes of products have not C 1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building
yet been defined and standard performance values are not yet Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot
available. Box Apparatus
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the C 1667 Standard Test Method for Using Heat Flow Meter
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Apparatus to Measure the Center-of-Panel Thermal Resis-
only. tivity of Vacuum Panels
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Containers
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D 1434 Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability
priate safety and health specifications and determine the Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific D 2221 Test Method for Creep Properties of Package Cush-
safety considerations see Annex A1. ioning Materials
D 2126 TestMethodforResponseofRigidCellularPlastics
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
2
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 1484-01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1484–07
to Thermal and Humid Aging 3.2.3 center-of-panel apparent the
...

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ASTM C1484-10(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vacuum Insulation Panels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for vacuum insulation panels (VIP). These panels have been used wherever high thermal resistance is desired in confined space applications, such as transportation, equipment, and appliances. The panel barrier consists of one or more layers of materials whose primary functions are to control gas diffusion to the core, and to provide mechanical protection. The core shall comprise a system of cells, microspheres, powders, fibers, aerogels, or laminates, whose chemical composition shall be organic, inorganic, or metallic. The physical and mechanical properties of vacuum insulation panels are presented in details. The compressive resistance, panel barrier permeance, and center-of-panel thermal resistivit shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The effective thermal resistance differs significantly from the product of the center-of-panel resistivity and the thickness, and this system characteristic must take into account the details of the overall VIP design as well as its installation. The creep and dimensional stability at service condition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP). These panels have been used wherever high thermal resistance is desired in confined space applications, such as transportation, equipment, and appliances.  
1.2 Vacuum panels typically exhibit an edge effect due to differences between panel core and panel barrier thermal properties. This specification applies to composite panels whose center-of-panel apparent thermal resistivities (sec. 3.2.3) typically range from 87 to 870 m·K/W at 24°C mean, and whose intended service temperature boundaries range from –70 to 480°C.  
1.3 The specification applies to panels encompassing evacuated space with: some means of preventing panel collapse due to atmospheric pressure, some means of reducing radiation heat transfer, and some means of reducing the mean free path of the remaining gas molecules.  
1.4 Limitations:  
1.4.1 The specification is intended for evacuated planar composites; it does not apply to non-planar evacuated self-supporting structures, such as containers or bottles with evacuated walls.  
1.4.2 The specification describes the thermal performance considerations in the use of these insulations. Because this market is still developing, discrete classes of products have not yet been defined and standard performance values are not yet available.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For specific safety considerations see Annex A1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1667-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Using Heat Flow Meter Apparatus to Measure the Center-of-Panel Thermal Transmission Properties of Vacuum Insulation Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat flow meter apparatus are being used to measure the center-of-panel portion of a vacuum insulation panel, which typically has a very high value of thermal resistivity (that is, equal to or greater than 90 m-K/W). As described in Specification C1484, the center-of-panel thermal resistivity is used, along with the panel geometry and barrier material thermal conductivity, to determine the effective thermal resistance of the evacuated panel.  
5.2 Using a heat flow meter apparatus to measure the thermal resistivity of non-homogenous and high thermal resistance specimens is a non-standard application of the equipment, and shall only be performed by qualified personnel with understanding of heat transfer and error propagation. Familiarity with the configuration of both the apparatus and the vacuum insulation panel is necessary.  
5.3 The center-of-panel thermal transmission properties of evacuated panels vary due to the composition of the materials of construction, mean temperature and temperature difference, and the prior history. The selection of representative values for the thermal transmission properties of an evacuated panel for a particular application must be based on a consideration of these factors and will not apply necessarily without modification to all service conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of steady-state thermal transmission through the center of a flat rectangular vacuum insulation panel using a heat flow meter apparatus.  
1.2 Total heat transfer through the non-homogenous geometry of a vacuum insulation panel requires the determination of several factors, as discussed in Specification C1484. One of those factors is the center-of-panel thermal resistivity. The center-of-panel thermal resistivity is an approximation of the thermal resistivity of the core evacuated region.  
1.3 This test method is based upon the technology of Test Method C518 but includes modifications for vacuum insulation panel applications as outlined in this test method.2  
1.4 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice C1045 and Practice C1058.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM C1280-18(2023)(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum requirements for and the methods of application of gypsum sheathing for use as a substrate for exterior wall cladding. Gypsum sheathing board is a substrate that shall be covered by an exterior cladding or other weather-resistive barrier and is not intended for long-term exposure. Framing members shall be installed so that the surface will be in an even plane, unless otherwise specified, after the gypsum sheathing has been applied. The gypsum sheathing shall be cut by scoring and breaking or by sawing, working from the face side. The cut edges and ends of gypsum sheathing shall be trimmed to obtain neat fitting joints when installed. Gypsum sheathing shall be fitted snugly around all window and door openings. Control joints, other accessories, and metal plaster base shall be fastened through gypsum sheathing to framing members. Where fire resistance or shear resistance is not required, and when metal lath and Portland cement plaster are to be applied as the exterior cladding over gypsum sheathing installed over framing members and the metal lath shall be installed after the gypsum sheathing, the gypsum sheathing shall be permitted to be applied and fastening of the gypsum sheathing shall be completed with the attachment of the self-furred metal lath.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for and methods of application of exterior gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for use as a substrate for exterior cladding.  
1.1.1 This specification does not cover gypsum panel products that are specifically designed for interior applications.  
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1.2 Motorized partitions are used to provide flexibility in the size of spaces typically used for meetings, sports, recreational areas, schools, or social functions where children are often present.  
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SCOPE
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. Mortar shall be mixed and shall be selected in accordance with the proportion specification prescribed. Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with a required minimum compressive strength. Courses of concrete masonry units between the leveling courses shall be placed without mortar on the bed or head joints. Place units in running bond. Remove burrs and butt blocks tightly. Use shims, mortar, or surface bonding mortar to plum and level individual units when necessary. Use clean mixing equipment and water free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkali, and organic materials. Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any segregation of ingredients. Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over mixing may cause damage to the fibers. Before applying surface bonding mortar, wet the wall uniformly with water to prevent excessive suction of water from the surface bonding mortar. Trowel- or spray-apply surface bonding mortar to both sides of dry-stacked concrete masonry units. When a second coat of surface bonding mortar is to be applied, the first coat shall have taken its initial set. Dampen the wall with a water mist after a specified time, but within a day of application of surface bonding mortar. The top of the walls shall be covered with a nonstaining, waterproof covering to prevent moisture from entering the wall until the top is permanently protected.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.  
Note 1: Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete masonry construction are found in Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (TMS 402-16) and Specification for Masonry Structures (TMS 602-16).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GRG) parts, which are nonload-bearing, thin-shell, ornamental shapes for architectural embellishment of interior building construction.  
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1.4 The text of this standard references footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Guide for Detailing of EIFS-Clad Barrier and Drainage Wall Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is for use by individuals and entities involved with the design and specification of EIFS details for a specific building.  
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4.3 This guide can be applied to new and existing EIFS buildings, prefabricated versus on-site installed EIFS, and residential and commercial EIFS buildings.  
4.4 This guide is not meant to replace the types of information normally present in text format in a project’s specifications.  
4.5 This guide is not applicable to EIFS materials used in non EIFS applications, such as a topcoat for other base materials like traditional Portland cement plaster (stucco) and concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the types of project-specific construction conditions that need to be communicated by means of drawings (“details”) for the purpose of constructing Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS)-clad barrier and drainage wall assemblies. EIFS manufacturers provide basic details for the installation of their materials and interface with adjacent materials. These details are generic and, in many cases, do not apply to specific project conditions.  
1.2 This guide addresses only the EIFS itself and the interface between the EIFS and the materials immediately adjacent to the EIFS; it does not address all parts of the wall assembly.  
1.3 Not all possible construction detail conditions are addressed by this guide. Identify and provide details for all construction conditions that exist on a specific building.  
1.4 This guide is intended to supplement but not supersede information from the EIFS manufacturer about how their specific product should be detailed, nor to supersede technical product acceptance reports or the code requirements of regulatory authorities.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E331-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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