ASTM C1838-16(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Cleaning for 1S and 2S Bottles
Standard Practice for Cleaning for 1S and 2S Bottles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The uranium hexfluoride (UF6), as described in Specifications C787 and C996, has to meet different requirements: one set of requirements being safety, health physics, and criticality and the other set being chemical, physical, and isotopic. To ensure the UF6 is in compliance with all requirements, sampling and analysis shall be performed. Therefore, packaging may have a significant impact on the quality of UF6.
4.2 After sampling, the bottle will contain residues. There is contamination because of the equipment, other contamination caused by nonvolatile elements, and isotopic contamination as a result of UF6 hydrolysis.
4.3 Cleaning shall be efficient. Special emphasis should be given to decontaminate the bottles without leaving any trace of cleaning products, make the bottles inert in UF6 medium (passivation bottle), and minimize waste. The cleaning process should be easy, safe, and environmentally friendly.
4.4 This practice describes different protocols for cleaning bottles by gas and liquid.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a description of the different ways to clean uranium hexafluoride (UF6) bottles.
1.2 This practice describes two kinds of sample bottles: 1S and 2S bottles.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1838 −16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Cleaning for 1S and 2S Bottles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice provides a description of the different 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms are as given in Termi-
ways to clean uranium hexafluoride (UF ) bottles.
nology C859.
1.2 This practice describes two kinds of sample bottles: 1S
4. Significance and Use
and 2S bottles.
4.1 The uranium hexfluoride (UF ), as described in Speci-
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
fications C787 and C996, has to meet different requirements:
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
one set of requirements being safety, health physics, and
this standard.
criticality and the other set being chemical, physical, and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
isotopic. To ensure the UF is in compliance with all
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
requirements, sampling and analysis shall be performed.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Therefore, packaging may have a significant impact on the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
quality of UF .
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 After sampling, the bottle will contain residues.There is
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
contamination because of the equipment, other contamination
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
caused by nonvolatile elements, and isotopic contamination as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a result of UF hydrolysis.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 6
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 Cleaning shall be efficient. Special emphasis should be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
given to decontaminate the bottles without leaving any trace of
cleaning products, make the bottles inert in UF medium
2. Referenced Documents
(passivation bottle), and minimize waste. The cleaning process
should be easy, safe, and environmentally friendly.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C787 Specification for Uranium Hexafluoride for Enrich-
4.4 This practice describes different protocols for cleaning
ment
bottles by gas and liquid.
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C996 Specification for Uranium Hexafluoride Enriched to
5. Description of Sample Bottles
Less Than 5 % U
5.1 Abottleiscomposedofacylinder,adaptors,andavalve
2.2 ANSI Standard:
(see Fig. 1).
N14.1 Nuclear Materials—Uranium Hexafluoride—
5.2 Adaptorsarebrazedorweldedonthevalveandscrewed
Packaging for Transport
on the cylinder.
5.3 Bottles and valves are made from nickel or nickel-
copper alloy (for example, Monel).
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel and
5.4 The design pressure and temperature are indicated in
Fertile Material Specifications.
ANSI N14.1.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1838 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/C1838-16R21.
6. Reagents
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
the ASTM website.
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1838 − 16 (2021)
TABLE 2 Chrome Trioxide, Sulfuric Acid, and Hydrofluoric Acid
Composition
% (in weight)
Chrome Trioxide CrO 5to10
Sulfuric Acid H SO 5to15
2 4
Hydrofluoric Acid HF 1 to 7
6.5 Phosphoric Acid:
6.5.1 Composition—Phosphoric acid is used at about 1
-1
mol.L .
6.5.2 Hazards—Corrosive reagent and it causes burns.
6.6 Potassium Carbonate (K CO ) and Sodium Carbonate
2 3
(Na CO ):
2 3
6.6.1 Composition—The concentration specified is about
100gK CO /L.
2 3
6.6.2 Hazards—Irritation and corrosion of the skin, the
eyes, and the respiratory and digestive tracts.
6.7 Hydrogen Peroxide (H O ):
2 2
FIG. 1 1S and 2S Bottles
6.7.1 Composition—The concentration specified is about 1
to 4 % H O .
2 2
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
6.7.2 Hazards—Strong oxidizer, corrosive to the eyes, and
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
causes severe burns.
high purity to permit its use without lessening the effectiveness
6.8 Citric Acid:
of the cleaning process.
6.8.1 Composition—The concentration specified is about
6.2 Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF ):
150 g/L.
6.2.1 Composition—See Table 1.
6.8.2 Hazards—Citric acid can cause severe eye irritation
6.2.2 Hazards—ClF is a highly reactive agent. With water,
and possible injury.
it forms hydrofluoric acid that penetrates the skin causing
6.9 Nitric Acid:
destruction of deep tissue layers. It is very corrosive and toxic
6.9.1 Composition—The concentration specified is about
byinhalationorcontact.Itisapowerfuloxidizerthatmaintains
0.01 mol/L.
the combustion and reacts violently with organic compounds.
6.9.2 Hazards—Nitric acid is a corrosive chemical and
6.3 Fluorine Gas (F ):
contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes.
6.3.1 Composition—Fluorine gas used is pure.
6.10 Acetic Acid:
6.3.2 Hazards—Fluorine gas is extremely corrosive and
6.10.1 Composition—No concentration specified.
toxic.The free element has a characteristic pungent odor and is
6.10.2 Hazards—Causes severe eye irritation. Contact with
detectable in concentrations as low as 20 ppb, which is below
liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible
the safe working level. Exposure to low concentrations causes
eye damage.
eye and lung irritation.
7. Gaseous Cleaning
6.4 Mixture of Hydrofluoric Acid, Sulfuric Acid, and
Chrome Trioxide:
7.1 Emptying the Bottles:
6.4.1 Composition—See Table 2.
7.1.1 The bottles are connected to a cleaning manifold
6.4.2 Hazards—This mixture is a corrosive and an oxidant.
inside a heating enclosure.
It is toxic by inhalation, contact, and ingestion. It is a
7.1.2 The equipment is tested to ensure vacuum integrity.
carcinogenic compound.
The valves are opened.
7.1.3 Theenclosureisheatedto70°Cforapproximately2h.
The manifold is pumped at 10 Pa abs for approximately 1 h.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
7.1.4 The bottles are filled with nitrogen to 400 kPa abs and
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
pumped as in 7.1.3.
Chemicals,BDHLtd.,Poole,Dorset,U.K.andthe United States Pharmacopeia and
7.1.5 These operations are repeated twice.
National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
7.2 ClF Treatment:
7.2.1 The bottles are filled with ClF at 15 kPa abs. This
TABLE 1 ClF Composition
lasts approximately 1 h.
ClF >97 % (molar)
HF #0.2 % (molar) 7.2.2 The bottles are emptied by pumping at 10 Pa abs for
ClF #1 % (molar)
approximately 1 h.
Cl #0.5 % (molar)
7.2.3 The bottles are filled for a second time at 15 kPa abs
ClO F–ClO F #0.05 % (molar)
2 3
and treated for approximately 2 h.
C1838 − 16 (2021)
7.2.4 The bottles are then emptied as in 7.2.2. 8.3.2 Washing Sequences with Phosphoric Acid and Potas-
7.2.5 The bottles are disconnected at room temperature and sium Carbon
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