ASTM D3987-12

Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.  
4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.  
4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of the extract reflects the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste.  
4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extraction simulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract.  
4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.  
4.7 The practice has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.  
1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known mass of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2012
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.04 - Waste Leaching Techniques

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3987-06 - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D3987-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6954-18 - Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4646-16 - Standard Test Method for 24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption by Soils and Sediments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6234-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3987 − 12
Standard Practice for
1
Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solid
Lot or Process
waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the
constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
3. Definitions
1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known mass
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see
ofwastewithwaterofspecifiedcompositionandtheseparation
Terminology D5681.
of the aqueous phase for analysis.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Values given in parentheses are mathematical con-
4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtaining
versions to inch-pound units that are provided for information
an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate
only and are not considered standard.
the release of constituents of the solid waste under the
laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
basis of engineering design.
4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specific
2. Referenced Documents
leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
actual disposal site leaching conditions.
C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum and
4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of the
Gypsum Products (Metric)
extract reflects the interaction of the extractant with the
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
buffering capacity of the solid waste.
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
3
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011) 4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extraction
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water simulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominant
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water factor in determining the pH of the extract.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to the
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
determination of both major and minor constituents. When
of Coal
minor constituents are being determined, it is especially
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
important that precautions are taken in sample storage and
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
4.7 The practice has not been tested for applicability to
organic substances and volatile matter.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
5. Apparatus
Leaching Techniques.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
5.1 Agitation Equipment, of any type that rotates about a
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3987 – 06. DOI:
central axis at a rate of 29 6 2 r/min and mixes samples in an
10.1520/D3987-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or end-over-end fashion (see example equipment in Fig. 1.)
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
NOTE 1—Modifications to the agitation technique (orientation or rate)
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
could result in alteration of the degree of mixing or the rate of release of
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on constituents as well as causing particle abrasion.As a result, the precision
www.astm.org. of the practice may also be influenced.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3987 − 12
FIG. 1 Example Extractor
NOTE 2—Allowing the container to vent generated gases has t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3987 − 06 D3987 − 12
Standard Test Method Practice for
1
Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the
materials leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of specified composition and the separation
of the aqueous phase for analysis.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C471M Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
3
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Definitions
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate
the release of certain constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste
in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
4.3 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual
disposal site leaching conditions.
4.4 The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering
capacity of the solid waste.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
Leaching Techniques.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2012. Published October 2006November 2012. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20042006
as D3987 – 85 (2004).D3987 – 06. DOI: 10.1520/D3987-06.10.1520/D3987-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3987 − 12
4.5 The intent of this test method is that the water extraction simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor
in determining the pH of the extract.
4.6 The test method produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When
minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to
avoid possible contamination of the samples.
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid waste. The test
method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3).
4.8 The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types
of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1.)
5. Apparatus
5.1
...