ASTM D2990-17

Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Data from creep and creep-rupture tests are necessary to predict the creep modulus and strength of materials under long-term loads and to predict any dimensional changes that will potentially occur as a result of such loads.  
5.2 Data from these test methods are suitable for use: (1) to compare materials, (2) in the design of fabricated parts, (3) to characterize plastics for long-term performance under constant load, and (4) under certain conditions, for specification purposes.  
5.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and/or testing parameters covered in the material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method, except in cases where to do so would conflict with the purpose for conducting testing. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile and compressive creep and creep-rupture of plastics under specified environmental conditions (see 3.2).  
1.2 In these test methods three-point loading, as described in Test Methods D790, is used for measurement of creep in flexure. However, four-point loading using the equipment and principles described in D6272 is also permitted as an option.  
1.3 For measurements of creep-rupture, tension is the preferred stress mode because for some ductile plastics rupture does not occur in flexure or compression.  
1.4 Test data obtained by these test methods are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warning statement is given in 6.8.2.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 899 Parts 1 and 2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods). ISO 899 Part 1 addresses tensile creep and creep to rupture and ISO 899 Part 2 addresses flexural creep. Compressive creep is not addressed in ISO 899.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2017
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D790-15 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4968-15 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM D790-15e1 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4968-16 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Refers: ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-17 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-19 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-19a - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D6272-17 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D6272-17e1 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D790-17 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2902-16e1 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Absorbable Polymeric Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2881/F2881M-21e1 - Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Polypropylene (PP) Dual Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D7931/D7931M-21a - Standard Guide for Specifying Drainage Geocomposites
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2789-10(2020) - Standard Guide for Mechanical and Functional Characterization of Nucleus Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D907-15(2023) - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D6992-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2947/F2947M-21a - Standard Specification for 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2787-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Structural Design of Thermoplastic Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D5262-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geosynthetics Used for Reinforcement Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2764/F2764M-23 - Standard Specification for 6 in. to 60 in. [150 mm to 1500 mm] Polypropylene (PP) Corrugated Double and Triple Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Sanitary Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D6112-18 - Standard Test Methods for Compressive and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F3430-20 - Standard Specification for Closed-Cell Cellular Polypropylene (PP) Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D7406-20 - Standard Test Method for Time-Dependent Compressive Deformation Under Constant Pressure for Geosynthetic Drainage Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F624-09(2015)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Solids and Solutions for Biomedical Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2599-22 - Standard Practice for Sectional Repair of Damaged Pipe By Means of an Inverted Cured-In-Place Liner<rangeref></rangeref >
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D5819-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2922-13(2018) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2150-19 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2019-22 - Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by the Pulled in Place Installation of Glass Reinforced Plastic Cured-in-Place (GRP-CIPP) Using the UV-Light Curing Method
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D7361-07(2023) - Standard Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Referred By: ASTM F2418-19 - Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) Corrugated Wall Stormwater Collection Chambers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2990 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-
1
Rupture of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile
D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
and compressive creep and creep-rupture of plastics under
Plastics
specified environmental conditions (see 3.2).
D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
1.2 In these test methods three-point loading, as described
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
in Test Methods D790, is used for measurement of creep in
als
flexure. However, four-point loading using the equipment and
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
principles described in D6272 is also permitted as an option.
D1822Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
1.3 For measurements of creep-rupture, tension is the pre-
ferred stress mode because for some ductile plastics rupture D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
als
does not occur in flexure or compression.
D4065Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
1.4 Testdataobtainedbythesetestmethodsarerelevantand
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
appropriate for use in engineering design.
D4968Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Specifications for Plastics
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the Plastics Specimens
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D6272Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- als by Four-Point Bending
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Aspecific warning
3. Terminology
statement is given in 6.8.2.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO899 Parts 1 and 2 address the same
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and
subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be
associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology con-
directly compared between the two test methods). ISO899 Part 1
addresses tensile creep and creep to rupture and ISO899 Part 2 addresses
tained in standard D883.
flexural creep. Compressive creep is not addressed in ISO899.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 creep modulus—the ratio of initial applied stress to
2
creep strain.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D543Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
3.2.2 creep strain—the total strain, at any given time,
Chemical Reagents
produced by the applied stress during a creep test.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The term creep, as used in this test
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
method,reflectscurrentplasticsengineeringusage.Inscientific
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical
practice, creep is often defined to be the nonelastic portion of
Properties.
strain. However, this definition is not applicable to existing
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally
engineering formulas. Plastics have a wide spectrum of retar-
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2990-09. DOI:
10.1520/D2990-17.
dation times, and elastic portions of strain cannot be separated
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in practice from nonelastic. Therefore, wherever “strain” is
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
mentioned in these test methods, it refers to the sum of elastic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. strain plus the additional strain with time.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2990 − 09 D2990 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-
1
Rupture of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile and compressive creep and creep-rupture of plastics under specified
environmental conditions (see 3.1.33.2).
1.2 WhileIn these test methods outline the use of three-point loading three-point loading, as described in Test Methods D790,
is used for measurement of creep in flexure, four-point loading (which is used less frequently) can also be used with flexure.
However, four-point loading using the equipment and principles as outlined described in TestD6272 Methodsis D790.also
permitted as an option.
1.3 For measurements of creep-rupture, tension is the preferred stress mode because for some ductile plastics rupture does not
occur in flexure or compression.
1.4 Test data obtained by these test methods are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific warning statement is given in 6.8.2.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 899 Parts 1 and 2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly
compared between the two test methods). ISO 899 Part 1 addresses tensile creep and creep to rupture and ISO 899 Part 2 addresses flexural creep.
Compressive creep is not addressed in ISO 899.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D4968 Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6272 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by
Four-Point Bending
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009March 1, 2017. Published September 2009March 2017. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20012009
as D2990 - 01.D2990 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D2990-09.10.1520/D2990-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2990 − 17
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with plastics issues refer to the terminology contained in
standard D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 creep modulus—the ratio of initial applied stress to creep strain.
3.2.2 creep strain—the total strain, at any given time, produced by the applied stress during a creep test.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The term creep, as used in this test meth
...