ASTM C134-95(2010)

Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace construction and should not deviate significantly from the intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to determine whether the brick meets the requirements considered necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
Note 1—Test Methods C830 and Test Method C914 are also used to determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2010
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C134-95(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C830-00(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C1419-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C885-87(2020) - Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C201-93(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C20-00(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C113-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C27-98(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C155-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F1312-19(2023) - Standard Specification for Brick, Insulating, High Temperature, Fire Clay
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C134 − 95(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Methods for
Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of
Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid
Refractories by Wax Immersion
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresformeasuringsize,
dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and square-
3. Significance and Use
ness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular
3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace
insulatingfirebrick.Moreprecisedeterminationofbulkdensity
construction and should not deviate significantly from the
of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack
intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat
height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly
NOTE 1—Test Methods C830 and Test Method C914 are also used to
suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to
determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.
determinewhetherthebrickmeetstherequirementsconsidered
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
Sections
Size and Bulk Density 4 through 7 SIZE AND BULK DENSITY
Warpage of Refractory Brick 8 through 10
Squareness of Refractory Brick 11 through 14
4. Apparatus
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Rule, steel, hook, 12 in. (305 mm) in length, graduated
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions, for use in measuring individual
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
brick. The rule has a rigid hardened steel hook consisting of a
and are not considered standard.
right-angled piece on one end to fix the zero point of the scale
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
against one face of the brick. The hook is about ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in width and extends about ⁄4 in. beyond the back face or,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preferably, the edge of the rule.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Rule, stiff steel, hook, 36 in. (914 mm) in length,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
graduatedfromeachendin0.02-in.(0.5-mm)divisions,foruse
in measuring stack height and the larger individual brick. The
2. Referenced Documents
36-in. rule has the same design as the 12-in (305-mm) rule.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—Check the hook rules periodically to determine that they have
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption,
not become worn or distorted in use. Other measuring equipment may be
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
used, provided the results are at least as accurate as those obtained with
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
the hook rule.
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid
4.3 Weighing Scale, having a capacity of 20 lb (9 kg) or
Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density
more and a sensitivity under load of at least 0.01 lb (4.5 g).
of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
5. Sampling
5.1 A sample consists of ten brick selected at random.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
5.2 Preparation of Specimens—Remove any blisters or fins
Properties.
from the specimens by lightly rubbing them together. Omit this
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
step in the case of insulating firebrick.
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C134 – 95 (2005).
DOI: 10.1520/C0134-95R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Procedure
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Length and Width—Measure the length and width of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. eachofthetenspecimensacrossthemiddleofeachofthefaces
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
C134 − 95 (2010)
of largest area to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). Make and end. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the
record the individual measurements of the two opposite faces slope to show the thickness of the wedge between base AB and
of each specimen. slope AC in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions (Fig. 1).
8.2.1 Similar Wedges, of equivalent size and slope (that is,
6.2 Thickness—Determine the thickness of insulating fire-
rising 1 mm vertically for each 4 mm horizontally), and
brick and record in the same manner as the length and width,
graduated along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge
as indicated in 6.1. Make the thickness measurements at the
between base AB and the slope AC in SI units may be
centersofthelongersidesofthebrick.Determinethethickness
employed in conjunction with a straightedge calibrated in SI
of dense refractory brick in the same manner or, when required
units.
by specification, calculate the average thickness from the stack
height determined as in 6.3.
9. Procedure
6.3 Stack Height—Stack the ten specimens vertically on a
9.1 Measuring a Concave Surface:
plane surface with their faces of largest area together to form a
9.1.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
smooth column, without regard to the position of any brand
concave surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with the
marks on the specimens. Measure the height of the stack to the
graduated straightedge. Place the straightedge across the di-
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) from the plane surface to the top of
agonal. Insert the wedge (Fig. 2) at the point of maximum
the stack at the center of each side. Record the individual
warpage, and record the maximum obtainable reading to the
measurements of the four sides of the stack.
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
6.4 Weight—Dry at 230°F (110°C), cool, and weigh each of
9.1.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.1.1 for the other diagonal.
the specimens to the nearest 0.01 lb (4.5 g), and record the
9.2 Measuring a Convex Surface:
weight.
9.2.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
convex surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with a caliper or
7. Calculation and Report
hookrule.Placethestraightedgeacrossthediagonal,andinsert
7.1 Size—Report the individual measurements and the cal-
one wedge at each end of the straightedge (Fig. 3). Adjust the
culated average for the two individual measurements for
wedges so that equal readings are obtained on each, making
length, width, and thickness for each specimen.
certain that the straightedge is in contact with the brick surface
at the point of maximum convexity. Record the reading to the
7.2 Stack Height and Average Thickness—Report the indi-
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
vidual measurements and the calculated stack height as the
9.2.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.2.1 for the other diagonal.
average of the individual measurements of the four sides of the
9.2.3 Alternatively, set the shape on its convex surface, on a
stack if required. Report “average thickness by stack height” as
plane surface, and insert one we
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