ASTM D1598-23

Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992.)  
5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
Note 2: Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.  
5.3 The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.  
5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
5.5 Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.  
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2023
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.40 - Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1598 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal
1
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2517 Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pres-
sure Pipe and Fittings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”
to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and
resin pipe under constant internal pressure.
Fittings
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing
plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 failure, n—occurrence of ballooning, rupture, seepage
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only or weeping.
and are not considered standard.
3.1.1.1 ballooning, n—any localized expansion of a pipe
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the while under internal pressure. This is sometimes referred to as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ductile failure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.1.1.1 Discussion—Overall distention caused by applied
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
stress is not considered to be a failure.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1.2 rupture, n—a break in the pipe wall with immediate
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
loss of test fluid and continued loss at essentially no pressure.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
If rupture is not preceded by some yielding, this may be termed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
a non-ductile failure.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1.3 seepage or weeping, n—test fluid passing through
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cracks in the pipe wall to an extent detectable visually or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
electronically. A reduction in pressure will frequently enable
the pipe to carry fluid without apparent evidence of loss of
2. Referenced Documents
fluid.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 free (unrestrained) end closure, n—a pipe specimen
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
end closure(cap) that seals the end of the pipe against loss of
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
internal fluid and is fastened to the pipe specimen.
D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis 3.1.3 restrained end closure, n—a pipe specimen end clo-
for Thermoplastic Pipe Products sure (cap) that seals the end of the specimen against loss of
D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De- internal fluid and pressure, but is not fastened to the pipe
sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced specimen. Retained end closures rely on tie-rod(s) through the
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings pipe specimen or on an external structure to resist internal
pressure end thrust.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
4. Summary of Test Method
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
Methods.
4.1 This test method consists of exposing specimens of pipe
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved
to a constant internal pressure while in a controlled environ-
1958. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D1598 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/
ment. Such a controlled environment may be accomplished by,
D1598-23
2
but is not limited to, immersing the specimens in a controlled
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature water or air bath. The time-to-failure is measured.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—Dimensional changes should be measured on specimens
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1598 − 21 D1598 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal
1
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe
under constant internal pressure.
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis for
Thermoplastic Pipe Products
D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D2517 Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 failure, n—occurrence of ballooning, rupture, seepage or weeping.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021July 1, 2023. Published November 2021July 2023. Originally approved 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20152021 as
D1598 – 15a.D1598 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D1598-2110.1520/D1598-23
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1598 − 23
3.1.1.1 ballooning, n—any localized expansion of a pipe while under internal pressure. This is sometimes referred to as ductile
failure.
3.1.1.1.1 Discussion—Overall distention caused by applied stress is not considered to be a failure.
3.1.1.2 rupture, n—a break in the pipe wall with immediate loss of test fluid and continued loss at essentially no pressure. If
rupture is not preceded by some yielding, this may be termed a non-ductile failure.
3.1.1.3 seepage or weeping, n—test fluid passing through cracks in the pipe wall to an extent detectable visually or
electronically. A reduction in pressure will frequently enable the pipe to carry fluid without apparent evidence of loss of fluid.
3.1.2 free (unrestrained) end closure, n—a pipe specimen end closure(cap) that seals the end of the pipe against loss of internal
fluid and is fastened to the pipe specimen.
3.1.3 restrained end closure, n—a pipe specimen end closure (cap) that seals the end of the specimen against loss of internal fluid
and pressure, but is not fastened to the pipe specimen. Retained end closures rely on tie-rod(s) through the pipe specimen or on
an external structure to resist internal pressure end thrust.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consis
...