ASTM F2008-00(2018)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect the device's performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill removal devices.
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2008 − 00 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative
F625 Practice for ClassifyingWater Bodies for Spill Control
performanceparametersforfull-scaleoilspillremovalsystems
Systems
or individual components of those systems. It is intended to
F631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
Controlled Environments
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil
F1607 Guide for Reporting ofTest Performance Data for Oil
spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their
Spill Response Pumps
needs and expectations.
3. Terminology
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could
3.1 Definitions:
vary widely when completed by different organizations. As
3.1.1 production skimmer—full-scale device supplied for
such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different
testing and indicated by the manufacturer to be commercially
skimmers for a particular organization or application.
available.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a
3.1.2 prototype skimmer—device indicated by the developer
particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior
or manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stage
to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire
and not for sale on the commercial market.
contents and note those areas that are most important to their
3.1.3 qualitative performance data—characteristics re-
needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as
corded during the evaluation period other than those specified
workmanship of construction may not be applicable to proto-
by Guide F631.
type skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of qualitative performance information under controlled test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
conditions. This information can be used together with quan-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill
Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.
removal device or as a means of comparing two or more
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
devices.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
performancefactorsotherthanrecoveryrateandefficiencythat
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
will affect the device’s performance in an actual spill. Their
considerationallowsthecomprehensiveevaluationorcompari-
son of spill removal devices.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.12 on Removal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2008 – 00 (2012) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F2008-00R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2008 − 00 (2018)
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used assembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; the
to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon- means to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;
trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the and platforms and walkways to facilitate observation,
field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. sampling, and written, photographic and video recording.
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for 7.4 These qualitative observations can be made during
skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended quantitative testing in accordance with Guide F631,orinthe
to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power field during exercises and response operations provided that
supplies such as electric or pneumatic. appropriate records are kept.
5. Summary of Guide
8. Test Fluids
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow
8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected to
tank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing and
fall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F631. These
recording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi-
test fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.
cant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks or
ponds, particularly when calm water, stationary or low velocity
9. Safety Precautions
advancing tests are desired as an economical means to screen
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety and
or compare devices.
regulatory requirements for test facility operations and test
5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in a
fluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised when
steady-state condition during the evaluation period so that
handling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, and
operational performance factors can be consistently monitored,
deploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.
evaluated and recorded.
9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautions
5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can be
recommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipment
obtained at any of the facilities described above and will entail
employed during testing.
assessment before, during and after quantitative testing.
10. Equipment Operation
6. Interferences
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with
6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility of
facility operating characteristics.
test facility effects. For example, wall effects may interfere
hydrodynamically with the performance of a device.
10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specified operating instructions with respect to
6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatus
mechanical operations, safety, and established maintenance
not designed specifically for the skimming device does not
routines. A representative of the manufacturer should be
affect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability to
invited to participate in the initial setup and training of testing
recoverthetestslick.Similarly,skimmersshouldbetetheredin
personnel.
a way that does not interfere with performance.
10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during the
7. Test Facilities
courseoftestingshouldnotbedoneexceptinconsultationwith
7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry out
the manufacturer.
the performance evaluations outlined in this guide.
10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differs
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable
from the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the test
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through
results.
water for the length of the facility. A wave generator may be
installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors
7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank
equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving 11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the perfor-
mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.
the water through a test section where the test device is
mounted.Awavegeneratormaybeinstalledonthistypeoftest
11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be con-
facility.
ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative test
7.1.3 Otherfacilities,suchasprivateponds,tanks,orflumes
procedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 of
may also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
Guide F631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution of
controlled.
test fluid, and collection of numerical data.
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not
limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering test 12. Pre-Deployment
fluids to the water surface, skimming systems to assist in
12.1 Prior to testing:
cleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage for
12.1.1 Review the manufacturer’s reference materials and
storing the test fluids.
all items received for testing.
7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should also 12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,
include: the space, materials and tools necessary to effect hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturer’s
F2008 − 00 (2018)
specifications.Any adaptations to meet the requirements of the 12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and other
test facility should be noted. fluids,
12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,
12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences between
the technical specifications of the model tested and those of 12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and
12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decon-
production models.
tamination including appropriate cleaning agents and the
12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of major
maximum temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable for
components to determine if the drive provided by the prime
hot-water or high-pressure cleaning.
mover adequately serves the power needs of the pump,
12.3.4 Storage, Maintenance, and Repair:
recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specific
12.3.4.1 Required procedures for storage,
computations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepower
12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time inter-
available and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulic
vals for maintenance and repair,
fluid flow rate, and operating temperature range.
12.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested re-
12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate as
pair for major and minor problems, and
acompletesystemthedeviceshouldbepresentedfortestingas
12.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.
a 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items for
deployment and operation.
12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support Services—
12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to inte-
Record and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,
grate components and render the system fully functional for
and the availability of parts and service within the region. List
testing.
all support services available through the manufacturer or
regional distributor.
12.2 Reference Materials:
12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimming
12.5 Owners Survey—Fortestswarrantingadetailedassess-
system, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, and
ment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct a
practicality of use.
survey of past and present owners of the system being tested;
12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho- this will provide a comprehensive account of performance to
tographs.
complement results achieved during short-term tank testing.
12.2.1.2 Incaseswherethedocumentationisatranslationof
12.6 Existing Test Reports—Prior to testing, obtain and
the original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction and
review any previously written evaluations of the test device,
be alert for any possible errors.
paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,
12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization of
and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Where
thedocuments,qualityofprintandinstructionswhichfacilitate
possible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-
use of documents for reference purposes.
term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in this
12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide is
Guide.
available.
12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards are
13. Construction and Assembly
appropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-
13.1 Duringinitialassemblyandset-up,evaluatetheoverall
erator.
quality of construction and design, materials and fittings,
12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorily
overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.
addressed:
13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and Design—Test
12.3.1 Components:
personnel should be critical of any design features that could
12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specific
result in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.
model provided,
Pay particular attention to features that could create a safety
12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and
hazard for operators or others working in the immediate
12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.
vicinity such as exposed rotating parts, or hot surfaces.
12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:
13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of the
12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly
system during the test by visual inspection and reporting of the
instructions,
following:
12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,
13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,
12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,
13.2.1.2 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,
12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,
rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe pump/powerpack
12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and
configuration or design,
deployment,
13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,
12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and
13.2.1.4 Logi
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2008 − 00 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative
performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems F625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control
Systems
or individual components of those systems. It is intended to
complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631. F631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
Controlled Environments
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil
F1607 Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data for Oil
spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their
Spill Response Pumps
needs and expectations.
3. Terminology
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could
vary widely when completed by different organizations. As
3.1 Definitions:
such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different
3.1.1 production skimmer—full-scale device supplied for
skimmers for a particular organization or application.
testing and indicated by the manufacturer to be commercially
available.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a
3.1.2 prototype skimmer—device indicated by the developer
particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior
to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire or manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stage
and not for sale on the commercial market.
contents and note those areas that are most important to their
needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as
3.1.3 qualitative performance data—characteristics re-
workmanship of construction may not be applicable to proto-
corded during the evaluation period other than those specified
type skimmers.
by Guide F631.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of qualitative performance information under controlled test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
conditions. This information can be used together with quan-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill
Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.
removal device or as a means of comparing two or more
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
devices.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this
guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers
performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
will affect the device’s performance in an actual spill. Their
consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or compari-
son of spill removal devices.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.12 on Removal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2008 – 00 (2012) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F2008-00R18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2008 − 00 (2018)
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used assembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; the
to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon- means to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;
trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the and platforms and walkways to facilitate observation,
field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. sampling, and written, photographic and video recording.
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for 7.4 These qualitative observations can be made during
skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended quantitative testing in accordance with Guide F631, or in the
to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power field during exercises and response operations provided that
supplies such as electric or pneumatic. appropriate records are kept.
5. Summary of Guide
8. Test Fluids
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow
8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected to
tank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing and
fall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F631. These
recording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi-
test fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.
cant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks or
ponds, particularly when calm water, stationary or low velocity
9. Safety Precautions
advancing tests are desired as an economical means to screen
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety and
or compare devices.
regulatory requirements for test facility operations and test
5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in a
fluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised when
steady-state condition during the evaluation period so that
handling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, and
operational performance factors can be consistently monitored,
deploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.
evaluated and recorded.
9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautions
5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can be
recommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipment
obtained at any of the facilities described above and will entail
employed during testing.
assessment before, during and after quantitative testing.
10. Equipment Operation
6. Interferences
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with
6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility of
facility operating characteristics.
test facility effects. For example, wall effects may interfere
hydrodynamically with the performance of a device.
10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specified operating instructions with respect to
6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatus
mechanical operations, safety, and established maintenance
not designed specifically for the skimming device does not
routines. A representative of the manufacturer should be
affect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability to
invited to participate in the initial setup and training of testing
recover the test slick. Similarly, skimmers should be tethered in
personnel.
a way that does not interfere with performance.
10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during the
7. Test Facilities
course of testing should not be done except in consultation with
7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry out
the manufacturer.
the performance evaluations outlined in this guide.
10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differs
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable
from the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the test
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through
results.
water for the length of the facility. A wave generator may be
installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors
7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank
11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the perfor-
equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving
the water through a test section where the test device is mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.
mounted. A wave generator may be installed on this type of test
11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be con-
facility.
ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative test
7.1.3 Other facilities, such as private ponds, tanks, or flumes
procedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 of
may also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
Guide F631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution of
controlled.
test fluid, and collection of numerical data.
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not
limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering test 12. Pre-Deployment
fluids to the water surface, skimming systems to assist in
12.1 Prior to testing:
cleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage for
12.1.1 Review the manufacturer’s reference materials and
storing the test fluids.
all items received for testing.
7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should also 12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,
include: the space, materials and tools necessary to effect hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturer’s
F2008 − 00 (2018)
specifications. Any adaptations to meet the requirements of the 12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and other
test facility should be noted. fluids,
12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences between 12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,
12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and
the technical specifications of the model tested and those of
production models. 12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decon-
tamination including appropriate cleaning agents and the
12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of major
maximum temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable for
components to determine if the drive provided by the prime
hot-water or high-pressure cleaning.
mover adequately serves the power needs of the pump,
12.3.4 Storage, Maintenance, and Repair:
recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specific
12.3.4.1 Required procedures for storage,
computations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepower
12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time inter-
available and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulic
vals for maintenance and repair,
fluid flow rate, and operating temperature range.
12.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested re-
12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate as
pair for major and minor problems, and
a complete system the device should be presented for testing as
12.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.
a 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items for
deployment and operation.
12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support Services—
12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to inte-
Record and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,
grate components and render the system fully functional for
and the availability of parts and service within the region. List
testing.
all support services available through the manufacturer or
regional distributor.
12.2 Reference Materials:
12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimming
12.5 Owners Survey—For tests warranting a detailed assess-
system, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, and
ment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct a
practicality of use.
survey of past and present owners of the system being tested;
12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho-
this will provide a comprehensive account of performance to
tographs. complement results achieved during short-term tank testing.
12.2.1.2 In cases where the documentation is a translation of
12.6 Existing Test Reports—Prior to testing, obtain and
the original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction and
review any previously written evaluations of the test device,
be alert for any possible errors.
paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,
12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization of
and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Where
the documents, quality of print and instructions which facilitate
possible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-
use of documents for reference purposes.
term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in this
12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide is
Guide.
available.
12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards are
13. Construction and Assembly
appropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-
13.1 During initial assembly and set-up, evaluate the overall
erator.
quality of construction and design, materials and fittings,
12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorily
overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.
addressed:
13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and Design—Test
12.3.1 Components:
personnel should be critical of any design features that could
12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specific
result in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.
model provided,
Pay particular attention to features that could create a safety
12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and
hazard for operators or others working in the immediate
12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.
vicinity such as exposed rotating parts, or hot surfaces.
12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:
13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of the
12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly
system during the test by visual inspection and reporting of the
instructions,
following:
12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,
13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,
12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,
13.2.1.2 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,
12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,
rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe pump/powerpack
12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and
configuration or design,
deployment,
13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,
12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and
13.2.1.4 Logical placeme
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F2008 − 00 (Reapproved 2012) F2008 − 00 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made in Sections 13, 14, and 16 in April 2012.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or
individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and
expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its
main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using
this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In
particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems
F631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments
F1607 Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data for Oil Spill Response Pumps
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 production skimmer—full-scale device supplied for testing and indicated by the manufacturer to be commercially
available.
3.1.2 prototype skimmer—device indicated by the developer or manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stage and
not for sale on the commercial market.
3.1.3 qualitative performance data—characteristics recorded during the evaluation period other than those specified by Guide
F631.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording of qualitative performance information under controlled test
conditions. This information can be used together with quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill removal
device or as a means of comparing two or more devices.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.12
on Removal.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012April 1, 2018. Published April 2012May 2018. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
ɛ1
F2008 – 00 (2006).(2012) . DOI: 10.1520/F2008-00R12E01.10.1520/F2008-00R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2008 − 00 (2018)
4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this guide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of the overall
evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers performance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency that will affect
the device’s performance in an actual spill. Their consideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or comparison of spill
removal devices.
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled
environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended to limit
application of this guide to skimmers with other power supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
5. Summary of Guide
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow tank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing and
recording appropriate operational performance factors. Significant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks or ponds,
particularly when calm water, stationary or low velocity advancing tests are desired as an economical means to screen or compare
devices.
5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in a steady-state condition during the evaluation period so that operational
performance factors can be consistently monitored, evaluated and recorded.
5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can be obtained at any of the facilities described above and will entail
assessment before, during and after quantitative testing.
6. Interferences
6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility of test facility effects. For example, wall effects may interfere
hydrodynamically with the performance of a device.
6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatus not designed specifically for the skimming device does not affect
the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability to recover the test slick. Similarly, skimmers should be tethered in a way
that does not interfere with performance.
7. Test Facilities
7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry out the performance evaluations outlined in this guide.
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through water for
the length of the facility. A wave generator may be installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving the water
through a test section where the test device is mounted. A wave generator may be installed on this type of test facility.
7.1.3 Other facilities, such as private ponds, tanks, or flumes may also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
controlled.
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering test fluids to
the water surface, skimming systems to assist in cleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage for storing the test fluids.
7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should also include: the space, materials and tools necessary to effect assembly,
maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; the means to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval; and platforms and
walkways to facilitate observation, sampling, and written, photographic and video recording.
7.4 These qualitative observations can be made during quantitative testing in accordance with Guide F631, or in the field during
exercises and response operations provided that appropriate records are kept.
8. Test Fluids
8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected to fall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F631. These test
fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.
9. Safety Precautions
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety and regulatory requirements for test facility operations and test fluid
handling. Particular caution must be exercised when handling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, and deploying and
retrieving test devices from the test tank.
9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautions recommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipment
employed during testing.
10. Equipment Operation
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with facility operating characteristics.
F2008 − 00 (2018)
10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s specified operating instructions with respect to
mechanical operations, safety, and established maintenance routines. A representative of the manufacturer should be invited to
participate in the initial setup and training of testing personnel.
10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during the course of testing should not be done except in consultation with the
manufacturer.
10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differs from the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the test results.
11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors
11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the performance factors and methods selected for evaluation.
11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be conducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative test procedures
should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 of Guide F631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution of test fluid, and
collection of numerical data.
12. Pre-Deployment
12.1 Prior to testing:
12.1.1 Review the manufacturer’s reference materials and all items received for testing.
12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings, hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications. Any adaptations to meet the requirements of the test facility should be noted.
12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences between the technical specifications of the model tested and those of
production models.
12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of major components to determine if the drive provided by the prime mover
adequately serves the power needs of the pump, recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specific computations, if
possible, indicating total brake horsepower available and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulic fluid flow rate, and
operating temperature range.
12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate as a complete system the device should be presented for testing as a
100 % complete system with all of the necessary items for deployment and operation.
12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to integrate components and render the system fully functional for testing.
12.2 Reference Materials:
12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimming system, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, and practicality
of use.
12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and photographs.
12.2.1.2 In cases where the documentation is a translation of the original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction and be
alert for any possible errors.
12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization of the documents, quality of print and instructions which facilitate use
of documents for reference purposes.
12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide is available.
12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards are appropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the operator.
12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorily addressed:
12.3.1 Components:
12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specific model provided,
12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and
12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.
12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:
12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly instructions,
12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,
12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,
12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,
12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and deployment,
12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and
12.3.2.7 Lifting and handling requirements.
12.3.3 Operation:
12.3.3.1 Proper method of operation, including recommendations for optimal settings or guidance for achieving such settings,
12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and other fluids,
12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,
12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and
12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decontamination including appropriate cleaning agents and the maximum
temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable for hot-water or high-pressure cleaning.
F2008 − 00 (2018)
12.3.4 Storage, Maintenance, and Repair:
12.3.4.1 Required procedures for storage,
12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time intervals for maintenance and repair,
12.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested repair for major and minor problems, and
12.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.
12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support Services—Record and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty, and the
availability of parts and service within the region. List all support services available through the manufacturer or regional
distributor.
12.5 Owners Survey—For tests warranting a detailed assessment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct a survey of
past and present owners of the system being tested; this will provide a comprehensive account of performance to complement
results achieved during short-term tank testing.
12.6 Existing Test Reports—Prior to testing, obtain and review any previously written evaluations of the test device, paying
particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies, and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Where possible,
consult with operational groups on short- and long-term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in this Guide.
13. Construction and Assembly
13.1 During initial assembly and set-up, evaluate the overall quality of construction and design, materials and fittings, overall
ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.
13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and Design—Test personnel should be critical of any design features that could result in
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.