ASTM B577-93(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
Standard Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining the presence of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) in products made from deoxidized and oxygen-free copper.
1.2 Inch-pound units are the standard. SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
1.4 This test method describes a procedure by which the presence of cuprous oxide is determined by polarized light microscopy examination at a minimum magnification of 75.
1.5 This test method describes a procedure by which the presence of cuprous oxide is determined by microscopical examination under normal illumination at a minimum magnification of 75 after thermal treatment of the specimens.
1.6 This test method describes a procedure by which the presence of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement) is determined by bending thermally treated specimens into a flattened "U" shape.
1.7 This test method describes a procedure in which the presence of cuprous oxide (hydrogen embrittlement) is determined by subjecting thermally treated specimens to a predetermined number of bends.
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Designation: B 577 – 93 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement
Susceptibility) in Copper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 embrittlement—the reduction of the normal ductility
in a metal as a result of a physical or chemical change.
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for determining
3.1.2.1 Embrittlement, as it relates to these test methods, is
the presence of cuprous oxide (Cu O) in products made from
the loss of ductility caused by the reaction of cuprous oxide in
deoxidized and oxygen-free copper.
the copper material when exposed at elevated temperatures to
1.2 Inch-pound units are the standard. SI values given in
a reducing atmosphere.
parentheses are for information only.
3.1.3 oxygen-free copper—electrolytic copper produced
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
substantially free of cuprous oxide without the use of metallic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or metalloidal deoxidizers as determined by metallographic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
examination at 753 under polarized light,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3.1 Oxygen may be present up to a maximum of 5 ppm
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in Copper UNS No. C10100 and 10 ppm in Copper UNS No.
1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:
C10200.
Sections
4. Summary of Test Methods
Microscopical Examination without Thermal Treatment 9-11
Microscopical Examination after Thermal Treatment 12-14
4.1 The presence of cuprous oxide is determined either by
Closed Bend Test after Thermal Treatment 15-17
microscopical examination under polarized light or by methods
Reverse Bend Test after Thermal Treatment 18-20
that involve heating the test specimens in a hydrogen-rich
2. Referenced Documents
atmosphere and rapidly cooling the specimens without undue
2.1 ASTM Standards: exposure to air followed by a microscopical examination or a
E 3 Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
suitable bend test.
E 883 Guide for Reflected-Light Photomicrography
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 These test methods determine whether copper products
3.1 Definitions:
will be resistant to embrittlement when exposed to elevated
3.1.1 deoxidized copper—material produced substantially
temperatures in a reducing atmosphere.
free of cuprous oxide, by the use of metallic or metalloidal
5.1.1 It is assumed that all who use these test methods will
deoxidizers, as determined by metallographic examination at
be trained personnel capable of performing these procedures
753 under polarized light.
skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed
3.1.1.1 Oxygen may be present as residual deoxidation
in a properly equipped facility.
products.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Method A—Metallographic equipment of the type
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper
described in Practice E 3 and Guide E 883 suitably equipped
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on
with a polarized light illuminating device.
Methods of Test.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally 6.2 Test Methods B, C, and D:
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B 577 – 93 (1998).
6.2.1 Metallographic equipment of the type described in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Practice E 3 and Guide E 883 provided with normal illumina-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tion.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 577 – 93 (2004)
6.2.2 A furnace of sufficient capacity, capable of maintain- 10. Procedure
ing the required reducing atmosphere while the specimens are
10.1 The test specimens taken transverse to and bounded by
being heated. A rapid cooling device using either water or a
an original surface of the material are mounted and polished in
reducing atmosphere is required.
accordance with Practice E 3.
6.2.3 A machinist vise with replaceable matching pairs of
10.1.1 Photomicrographs, when taken, are prepared in ac-
jaw mandrels of various radii contours.
cordance with Guide E 883.
7. Sampling 10.2 The polished, but unetched, surface of the specimens
are examined under reflected polarized light at a minimum
7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the requirements
magnification of 753.
of the specification under which the material was ordered.
10.2.1 Cuprous oxide will appear as ruby-red particles.
8. Test Specimens
10.2.2 Cuprous oxide will appear as blue particles under
8.1 Longitudinal specimens, that is, specimens whose axes white light.
are parallel to the direction of working are preferable. How-
ever, equally reliable results can be obtained with specimens in 11. Application
which the axis is perpendicular to the directions of working.
11.1 This test method is applicable to Copper UNS Nos.
8.2 Specimens shall be of dimensions suitable for the
C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, C11700,
performance of the required tests. Where necessary to cut a
and C12000.
specimen from an oversize piece of material, at least one of the
original surfaces of the material shall be retained in the test
TEST METHOD B—MICROSCOPICAL
specimen. Suggested dimensions for test specimens are given
EXAMINATION AFTER THERMAL TREATMENT
in the following table (for Procedures C or D):
Wrought Products Suggested Dimensions for
12. Scope
Test Specimens
12.1 This test method describes a procedure by which the
Flats (wire, strip, sheets, bar, thickness—that of the product but should not
presence of cuprous oxide is determined by microscopical
and plate) exceed ⁄2 in. (13 mm)
width—approx. ⁄2 in. (13 mm)
examination under normal illumination at a minimum magni-
length—approx. 6 in. (152 mm)
fication of 753 after thermal treatment of the specimens.
Shapes and forgings To the extent that the dimensions of the ma-
terial permit, the dimensions of the test
specimens are those suggested for the flat
13. Procedure
products specimens.
(Where the product dimensions, particularly
13.1 Heat the cleaned and degreased specimens which
length, as in the case of forgings, do not
retain at least one original surface for 20 to 40 min in an
permit taking a specimen, the total
product may then become the test spec- atmosphere of at least 10 % hydrogen within a
...
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