ASTM D1545-07(2012)

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2012
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1545-07 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D1545-13 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D803-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5165-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4142-89(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Epoxy Resins
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1725-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for Viscosity Measurement by Bubble Time Method
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1544-04(2023) - Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1084-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1545 − 07 (Reapproved2012)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 108 6 0.5 mm
Thedistancebetweenthefirstandsecondlinesshallbe73 6
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
0.5 mm.
ity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are
approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.
NOTE1—Alldistancesshallbemeasuredfromtheoutsidebottomofthe
tube.
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that
3.3 Reference Standards—A series of standard viscosity
are free from crystalline or gel particles.
tubes (3.2) filled with transparent liquids having predetermined
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
viscosities in stokes and bubble seconds and spaced in loga-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
rithmicallyevenincrementsofabout26 %(log1.260 = 0.100),
standard.
as listed in Table 1. The standards shall be marked alphabeti-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cally or numerically as shown in Table 1 without reference to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stokes or bubble time (Note 2). Also listed in Table 1, for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
general and historical reference only, is the long established
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
series of Gardner-Holdt letter standards, in tubes that do not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
have the three lines and are shorter than the standard viscosity
tubes described in 3.2.
2. Terminology
NOTE 2—For convenience, the reference standards can be divided in
2.1 Definitions:
three series: light series, 15 tubes marked 0.22 to 8.0; heavy series, 14
2.1.1 viscosity, n—theresistanceexperiencedbyoneportion
tubes marked 10 to 200; and very heavy series, 7 tubes, marked 250 to
of a liquid moving over another portion of the liquid. The
1000.
absolute unit of viscosity in the cgs, centimeter-gram-second,
3.4 Timing Device—Stopwatch or electric stop clock ca-
system is the poise which is expressed as dyne-seconds per
pable of being read to a precision of 0.1 s.
square centimetre. Stokes are equal to poises divided by
3.5 Tube Racks, capable of inverting one or more viscosity
density. The absolute SI, International System of Units (metric
tubes 180° to within 1° of a vertical position while rack and
system), viscosity unit is the pascal-second.
tubes are immersed in the constant temperature bath.
3. Apparatus
3.6 Viscosity Tube Corks, No. 2 short.
3.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—Any suitable bath capable
4. Procedure
of maintaining temperature at 25 6 0.1°C with water as the
bath medium. 4.1 Fill a standard viscosity tube with the material to be
tested to approximately level with the 108-mm line.
3.2 Standard Viscosity Tubes of clear glass and with flat
bottoms, 10.65 6 0.025 mm in inside diameter; 114 61mm 4.2 Transfer the tube to a constant 25°C temperature bath
with the cork loosely inserted. Hold at this temperature for 10
in outside length. Plainly legible lines shall be located as
min.
follows (Note 1):
27 6 0.5 mm
NOTE 3—Adequate control of the temperature bath is essential. A
100 6 0.5 mm
variationof0.1°Cinthetemperatureofthebathwillcausea1 %variation
in the timed bubble travel.
4.3 At the end of 10 min adjust the level of the liquid so that
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
the bottom meniscus will be level with the 100-mm line. Insert
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
the cork so that the bottom of the cork is on the level with the
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally
108-mmline.Thiswillensureabubbleofsuitableanduniform
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1545 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/D1545-07R12. size.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D1545 − 07 (2012)
TABLE 1 Recommended Numerical Standards for Comparator
4.4 Insert the tube in the rack and immerse in the 25°C
A
Viscosity Tubes
water bath. Allow the tube(s) to stand with cork down in the
Bubble
Bubble Gardner- Gardner- bath a minimum of 20 min before determining the viscosity.
C
B
Tube Seconds
B
Stokes Holdt Stokes Holdt
Seconds
C
Number and Tube
Letter Letter NOTE4—Forviscositiesofliquidsthathaveatimedbubbletravelof4
...