ASTM C1846/C1846M-19(2024)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance-based manufacture and corresponding test methods for reinforced concrete pipe to be used in the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and in the construction of culverts. Pipe furnished under this specification shall be designated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates; admixtures, if used; fibers; and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Cementitious materials include cement, slag cement, fly ash, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance based specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 It is not the intention of this standard to dictate the material quantities and properties required for a pipe to conform to this standard except those in Section 6. Specific product formulations shall be considered proprietary and allowed to remain confidential to the manufacturer.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.
Note 2: Attention is called to the specification for Reinforced Concrete D-load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Specification C655). The distinction between this specification and C655 is in the D-Load specified and the practice for sampling pipe for conformance to the specification. This specification relies on standard classes of pipe (Class I-V), and sampling in accordance with Section 11.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1846/C1846M − 19 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Specification for
Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1846/C1846M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This performance based specification covers reinforced
concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of
2. Referenced Documents
sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the con-
struction of culverts.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
1.2 It is not the intention of this standard to dictate the
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
material quantities and properties required for a pipe to
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
conform to this standard except those in Section 6. Specific
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
product formulations shall be considered proprietary and
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
allowed to remain confidential to the manufacturer.
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
Concrete
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
of bedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms to the
Drain, and Sewer Pipe
construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe
C76M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements
Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction
site.
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
NOTE 2—Attention is called to the specification for Reinforced Con-
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
crete D-load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Specification C655).
for Concrete
The distinction between this specification and C655 is in the D-Load
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
specified and the practice for sampling pipe for conformance to the
specification. This specification relies on standard classes of pipe (Class pounds for Curing Concrete
I-V), and sampling in accordance with Section 11.
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are
Concrete
shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used inde-
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
may result in non-conformance with the standard.
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on
Concrete and Mortars
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.
C990/C990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe,
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C1846/C1846M – 19.
DOI: 10.1520/C1846_C1846M-19R24. Flexible Joint Sealants
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1846/C1846M − 19 (2024)
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete (Withdrawn 2022) defects in accordance with Section 15.
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic
acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated
Cement
by the specified tests.
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
6. Materials
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates;
2.2 AASHTO Standards: admixtures, if used; and water in which steel has been
R073 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Precast Concrete
embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act
Drainage Products together.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
3. Terminology
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements of
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete
Specification C150/C150M or C1157/C1157M, or shall be
pipe, see Terminology C822.
blended cement conforming to the requirements of Specifica-
tion C595/C595M.
3.2 Definitions:
6.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
3.2.1 D , n—the D-load test criteria required to reach
design
quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
the design strength as defined in Test Methods C497.
6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
4. Classification
Class F or Class C of Specification C618.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
4.1 Pipe furnished under this specification shall be desig-
Any combination of cementitious materials shall be acceptable
nated as Class I, II, III, IV, or V. The corresponding strength
for use in the concrete if the mix meets the testing requirements
requirements are prescribed in Table 1. Special designs for pipe
in this specification:
strengths not designated in Table 1 are permitted provided all
other requirements of this specification are met. For Pipe 6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
Classes of IV or less, the minimum ratio of the D to D
C33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall not
Ult design
in the three-edge-bearing test shall be 1.5 rounded to the apply.
nearest 50 lb/ft/ft [5 N/m/mm]. For Class V pipe, or higher, the
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
minimum ratio of D to D in the three-edge-bearing test
Ult design
allowable:
shall be 1.25. A linear interpolation may be performed to
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
establish the D to D ratio for Pipe Classes between
Ult design
C260/C260M;
Class IV and V.
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
C494/C494M;
5. Basis of Acceptance
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
5.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Proof of Design Tests, Plant
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
Load-Bearing Tests, Material Tests, and Inspection of Manu-
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
factured Pipe for Visual Defects and Imperfections—
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be
wire or welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/
determined by the results of the three-edge-bearing tests as
A1064M, or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M,
defined in Section 11 and 12.3.1; by such material tests as are
Specification A615/A615M, Grade 40 or 60, or Specification
required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7; by an absorption test of
A706/A706M, Grade 60. For helically wound cages only, weld
the concrete from the wall of the pipe as required in 12.4; and
shear tests are not required.
by visual inspection of the finished pipe to determine its
6.6 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be
allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete
pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed
www.astm.org.
and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conform-
ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall
TABLE 1
be accepted.
Pipe Class D (lbs/linear foot/ D (lbs/linear foot/foot
design Ult
foot of diameter) [N/ of diameter) [N/linear
6.7 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
linear m/mm of m/mm of diameter]
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
diameter]
Specification C1602/C1602M.
I 800 [40.0] 1200 [60.0]
II 1000 [50.0] 1500 [75.0]
III 1350 [65.0] 2000 [100.0] 7. Pipe Performance
IV 2000 [100.0] 3000 [150.0]
7.1 The pipe shall be formulated sufficiently to pass the D
V 3000[140.0] 3750[175.0] Ult
and D requirements in Table 1.
design
C1846/C1846M − 19 (2024)
7.2 Special Classes: materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
7.2.1 If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer may oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will
request approval by the owner of a special class of pipe having conform to the test and design requirements of this specifica-
D and D values that differ from those shown in Table 1. tion. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and
Ult design
7.2.2 Such special classes of pipe shall be based on the same shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470
3 3
design/testing requirements as required for those classes found lb/yd [280kg/m ] unless mix designs with a lower cementi-
in Table 1. tious materials content demonstrate that the quality and per-
formance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specifica-
7.3 The manufacturer shall formulate for their own produc-
tion.
tion practices and records the following for each pipe product
and size. 10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
7.3.1 Pipe Strengths—(D ) and (D ). methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any other
design Ult
7.3.2 Material Strengths: method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that
(a) Minimum Compressive Strength of the Concrete - (f ), will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a
c
(b) Minimum Reinforcement Yield Strength and Ultimate sufficient length of time so that the specified D-load is obtained
Strength - (f ) and (f ), when acceptance is based on 5.1 or so that the concrete will
y u
(c) Minimum Elastic Modulus of Reinforcement – (E ). develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less
s
7.3.3 Quantities of Materials: when acceptance is based on 5.2.
(a) The concrete mix design, including all materials and 10.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmo-
admixtures within the concrete matrix,
(b) Area of continuous reinforcement in units of in. /ft sphere maintained by the injection of live steam for such time
and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the
[cm / m],
(c) Volume of noncontinuous reinforcement in units of strength requirements. At no time shall the ambient tempera-
3 3
ture exceed 160°F [71°C]. The curing chamber shall be so
lb/yd [kg/m ] or percent of volume of concrete.
7.3.4 Physical Characteristics—Diameter, wall thickness, constructed as to allow full circulation around the inside and
outside of the pipe.
laying length, and joint details.
10.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be water-cured by
8. Reinforcement
covering with water saturated material or by a system of
8.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, the
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any
protective cover of the concrete over the circumferential
other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the
reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be ⁄4 in. [19 mm].
specified curing period.
10.2.3 A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements
8.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement, each
of Specification C309 may be applied and should be left intact
line shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete
until the required strength requirements are met. The concrete
over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe
at the time of application shall be within 10°F [6°C] of the
shall be 1 in. [25 mm].
atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior
8.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thick-
to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when
nesses 2 ⁄2 in. [63 mm] or greater, the reinforcement in the wall
the compound is applied.
of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
10.2.4 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in.
methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.3 provided the required
[25 mm] from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical
concrete compressive strength is attained.
diameter and 1 in. [25 mm] from the outer surface of the pipe
at the horizontal diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforce- 11. Pipe Proof of Design Testing
ment with wall thicknesses less than 2 ⁄2 in. [63 mm], the
11.1 Load Bearing Test:
protective covering of the concrete shall be ⁄4 in. [19 mm] at
11.1.1 Basis of Acceptance of Design—Three representative
the vertical and horizontal diameters.
specimens or special class test pipe in accordance with 7.2
shall be tested to the D load and D strength load in
9. Joints design ult
accordance with the requirements of Test Methods C497 with
9.1 The
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