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ASTM D7755-11(2017)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the wear volume becomes in tribological testing a key element, as it is more discriminative than the wear scar diameter, because an optically visible wear scar diameter may or may not indicate wear on the surface of the ball and the wear track as an irreversible loss of material. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
Note 3: It is believed, that tactile stylus tip profilometer determines the most realistic figure and are more frequent in use, than it can be achieved by optical profilometers operating in a non-contacting mode.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the wear volume WV of wear scars and tracks on test pieces tribologically stresses under high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using a SRV test machine by means of stylus tip profilometry.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2017
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.11 - Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7755-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineASTM D7755-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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REDLINE ASTM D7755-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineREDLINE ASTM D7755-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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REDLINE ASTM D7755-11(2017) - Standard Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7755 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used
1
by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5620Test Method for Evaluating Thin Film Fluid Lubri-
cantsinaDrainandDryModeUsingaPinandVeeBlock
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
3
Test Machine (Withdrawn 2010)
wear volume W of wear scars and tracks on test pieces
V
D5706Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
tribologically stresses under high-frequency, linear-oscillation
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
motion using a SRV test machine by means of stylus tip
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
profilometry.
D5707Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
erties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
standard.
D6425Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the SRV Test Machine
4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 DIN Standards:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- DIN 51631:1999-04Special-boiling-point spirit – Require-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ments and testing
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- DIN 51834-3:2008-12Testing of lubricants – Tribological
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
test in translatory oscillation apparatus – Part 3: Determi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the nation of tribological behaviour of materials in co-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
operation with lubricants
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998Geometrical Product Specifica-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tions (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces
having stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height
2. Referenced Documents
characterizationusinglinearmaterialratiocurve(replaces
2
of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface roughness;
2.1 ASTM Standards:
parameters R ,R ,R ,M ,M for the description of
D2714Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the
K PK VK r1 r2
the material portion)
Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
D2782Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure
3. Terminology
Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method)
3.1 Definitions:
D3702Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Fric-
3.1.1 Hertzian contact area, n—the apparent area of contact
tion of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing Contact
betweentwonon-conformingsolidbodiespressedagainsteach
Using a Thrust Washer Testing Machine
other.
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
3.1.2 Hertzian contact pressure, n—magnitude of the pres-
sure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation. The
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
as maximum value P in the centre of the contact or as
mittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
max
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
P as average over the total contact area. D4175
average
in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7755–11. DOI: 10.1520/
D7755-11R17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Beuth Verlag
the ASTM website. GmbH, Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin 30, Germany, http://www.din.de.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7755 − 11 (2017)
¯
NOTE 1—R is smaller than R. The wear v
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7755 − 11 D7755 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Wear Volume on Standard Test Pieces Used
1
by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the wear volume W of wear scars and tracks on test pieces tribologically
V
stresses under high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using a SRV test machine by means of stylus tip profilometry.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
D2782 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method)
D3702 Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing Contact Using a Thrust
Washer Testing Machine
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5620 Test Method for Evaluating Thin Film Fluid Lubricants in a Drain and Dry Mode Using a Pin and Vee Block Test
3
Machine (Withdrawn 2010)
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D5707 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-
Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test
Machine
4
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 51631:1999-04 Special-boiling-point spirit —– Requirements and testing
DIN 51834-3:2008-12 Testing of lubricants – Tribological test in translatory oscillation apparatus – Part 3: Determination of
tribological behaviour of materials in co-operation with lubricants
DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having
stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height characterization using linear material ratio curve (replaces of DIN 4776:1990:
Measurement of surface roughness; parameters R , R , R , M , M for the description of the material portion)
K PK VK r1 r2
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants and Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011June 1, 2017. Published November 2011July 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
D7755 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7755–11.10.1520/D7755-11R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin 30, Germany, http://www.din.de.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7755 − 11 (2017)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Hertzian contact area, n—the apparent area of contact between tw
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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