ASTM D3053-99

Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1999
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.41 - Carbon Black Nomenclature and Terminology

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3053-99e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8178-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8466-22 - Standard Guide for Recovered Carbon Black—Carbon Black Test Methods for Testing rCB
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6602-13(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5596-03(2021) - Standard Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3053 – 99
Standard Terminology Relating to
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
vidual Pellet Crush Strength
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of
D 5816 Test Methods for Carbon Black—External Surface
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Area by Multipoint Nitrogen Adsorption
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
other readily available sources are not included.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
carbon black, n—material consisting essentially of elemental
D 1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Fines
carbon in the form of near-spherical colloidal particles and
Content
coalesced particle aggregates of colloidal size, obtained by
D 1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocar-
D 1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
bons.
Number
carbon black agglomerate, n—a cluster of physically bound
D 1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
and entangled aggregates.
bution
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D 3849.
D 1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour
Density
carbon black aggregate, n—a discrete, rigid, colloidal mass
D 1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
of extensively coalesced particles; it is the smallest dispers-
D 1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
ible unit.
D 1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
carbon black, carcass grade, n—a type of furnace carbon
Toluene Discoloration
black having an average particle size in the range from 31 to
D 1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
200 nm.
Rubber Products
DISCUSSION—Carcass-grade carbon blacks are produced by the oil
D 1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
furnace process. The use of these grades in the rubber industry is not
Strength
limited to the carcass portion of the tire. These grades are designated
D 2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—n-Dibutyl Phtha-
with an “N” first character and a second character of “4, 5, 6, or 7” in
late Absorption Number
Table 1 of Classification D 1765. See Terminology D 1566 for the
D 3037 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Surface Area by definition of carcass.
Nitrogen Adsorption
carbon black, furnace, n—a type of carbon black produced by
D 3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
the decomposition reaction of hydrocarbons when injected
D 3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet
into a high-velocity stream of combustion gases under
Crush Strength
controlled conditions.
D 3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—n-Dibutyl Phtha-
carbon black, hard, n—See carbon black, tread grade, the
late Absorption Number of Compressed Sample
preferred term.
D 3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Primary Aggre-
DISCUSSION—All carbon blacks provide some level of reinforcement
gate Dimensions from Electron Microscope Image Analy-
2 when mixed in rubber. The amount of reinforcement is a function of the
sis
carbon black grade and amount used. See Terminology D 1566 for the
D 4820 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Surface Area by
definition of reinforcement.
Multipont B.E.T. Nitrogen Adsorption
carbon black microstructure, n—arrangement of carbon
atoms within a carbon black particle.
These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-24 on
carbon black particle, n—a small spheroidally shaped
Carbon Black and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon
Black Nomenclature and Terminology.
(paracrystalline, non-discrete) component of a carbon black
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
aggregate; it is separable from the aggregate only by
published as D 3053 – 72. Last previous edition D 3053 – 96b.
2 fracturing.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3053
carbon black particle diameter, n—arithmetic average of the carbon black, typical value, n—a consensus value for those
diameters of particles within a carbon black aggregate as carbon black properties which are not specifically targeted
measured by electron microscopy. for control in the manufacturing process and which are
somewhat dependent upon the targeted properties.
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D 3849.
DISCUSSION—Typical values for carbon black properties are shown in
carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglomerate mass
Classification D 1765 for most rubber grade carbon blacks currently in
that has been densified in spheroidal form to facilitate
commerce. These are consensus values based upon the range in values
handling and processing.
supplied by the manufacturers. Typical values are useful in making
comparisons between grades but they are not the set-point targets for
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D 1511.
the process and may be expected to differ significantly between
producers.
carbon black reinforcing, n—See carbon black, tread
grade, the preferred term.
carbon black weight mean particle size, n—ratio equal to the
sum of individual particle diameters, each raised to the
DISCUSSION—All carbon blacks provide some level of reinforcement
when mixed in rubber. The amount of reinforcement is a function of the fourth power, divided by the sum of the individual particle
carbon black grade and amount used. See Terminology D 1566 for the
diameters, raised to the third power,
definition of reinforcement.
dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption number, n—the number
of cubic centimetres of DBP absorbed by 100 g of carbon
carbon black, semi-reinforcing, n—See carbon black, car-
black under specified test conditions.
cass grade, the preferred term.
DIS
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