ASTM D322-97(2002)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of dilution in crankcase oils of engines when gasoline has been used as the fuel.
Note 1—There may be cases in dispute, therefore, the user of this test method is advised to establish whether this method will be accepted. There may be cases where Test Method D 3525 results will be set as the referee value.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statement, see 6.4, 7.1, and 9.3.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D322–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Designation: 23/2000
Standard Test Method for
Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by
Distillation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Warning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in March 2003.
1. Scope D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Products, and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
dilution in crankcase oils of engines when gasoline has been
Petroleum Products
used as the fuel.
2.2 IP Methods for Analyses and Testing, Vol II, Part I
NOTE 1—There may be cases in dispute, therefore, the user of this test
methodisadvisedtoestablishwhetherthismethodwillbeaccepted.There
may be cases where Test Method D 3525 results will be set as the referee
3. Terminology
value.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
3.1.1 fuel diluent, n—in used oil analysis, unburnt fuel
regarded as the standard.
components that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the oil.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the fuel diluent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
components being determined are from gasoline.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
precautionary statement, see 6.4, 7.1, and 9.3.
turbine) whether operated or not. D 4175
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, used oil is from a
2. Referenced Documents
gasoline engine.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
4. Summary of Test Method
Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvents
4.1 The sample, mixed with water, is placed in a glass still
D 3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
provided with a reflux condenser discharging into a graduated
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
trap connected to the still. Heat is applied, and the contents of
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
the still are brought to boiling. The diluent in the sample is
Petroleum Products
vaporized with the water and then liquefied in the condenser.
The diluent collects at the top of the trap, and the excess water
runs back to the still where it is again vaporized, carrying over
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
an additional quantity of diluent. The boiling is continued until
PetroleumProductsand LubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
all the diluent has been boiled out and recovered in the trap.
This test method was adopted as a jointASTM-IPstandard in 1964. In the IP, this
The volume is recorded.
method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 322 – 97.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Available from the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. W1G 7AR.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D322–97 (2002)
5. Significance and Use possible of the contents of the cylinder by pouring it into the
flask. Wash the graduated cylinder with successive portions of
5.1 Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take place
hot water until only a negligible amount of oil is left in the
duringnormaloperation.However,excessivefueldilutionisof
cylinder. Add additional water to the flask to make a total of
concern in terms of possible performance problems.
approximately 500 mL of water. Fill the trap with cold water
6. Apparatus
and add 1 6 0.1 mL of denatured ethanol to the water in the
6.1 Flask, round-bottom type (see Fig. 1 and A1.1).
trap.
6.2 Condenser, Liebig straight-tube type (see A1.2).
9.2 Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, so that the
6.3 Trap, 5 mL, graduated in 0.1-mL increments (see Fig. 1
tip of the condenser is directly over the indentation in the trap.
and Fig. 2 and A1.3).
9.3 Apply heat to the flask at such a rate that refluxing starts
6.4 Heater—Any suitable gas burner or electric heater may
within 7 to 10 min after heat is applied, with the water and
be used with the glass flask. (Warning—Hot exposed surface.
sample being at 21 to 38°C prior to application of heat. After
Avoid contact by wearing protective equipment as required.)
boiling and condensation has commenced, adjust the rate of
7. Reagents and Materials
boiling so that condensed distillate is discharged from the
condenser at a rate of 1 to 3 drops per s. (Warning—Hot
7.1 Ethanol, Denatured , conforming to either Formula No.
exposed surface. Avoid contact by wearing protective equip-
30 or 3A of the US Bureau of Internal Revenue. (Warning—
Flammable. Denatured. Cannot be made non-toxic.) ment as required.)
7.2 Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits), conforming to
NOTE 3—Bumping with a tendency to froth over is often experienced
Specification D 235.
with dirty oils. The use of boiling stones, steel wool, or about 5 mL of
NOTE 2—In Annex A1.3, the use of reagent grade heptane may be the concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the flask is often helpful in
preferred solvent because the use of commerical grade h
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