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ASTM D3787-16(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.  
5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual performance. Test Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 3: The kind of force transfer and strength that occur when knitted goods are worn is prevented by clamping them as directed in this test method.  
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them. The test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to the laboratories for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either the cause must be determined and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement for bursting strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments that exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.
Note 2: Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different results. When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2020
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3787-16 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020
Refers
ASTM D4850-13(2017) - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
15-Jul-2017
Refers
ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2017
Refers
ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D6797-15 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Refers
ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D4850-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM D4850-13e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
15-May-2013
Refers
ASTM D4850-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Refers
ASTM D123-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012

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ASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
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ASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3787 − 16 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse
(CRT) Ball Burst Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3787; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthemeasurementforbursting
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments
Methods
that exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3. Terminology
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
systems shall not be combined.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
NOTE 1—For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic
bursting strength, constant–rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile test-
testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.
ing machine, fabric, knitted, fabric, nonwoven.
NOTE 2—Constant Rate ofTraverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate
of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
results. When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.
Terminology D123.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 4.1 A specimen is securely clamped without tension be-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. tween grooved, circular plates of the ball burst attachment
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
secured to the pulling (movable) jaw for the constant-rate-of-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- traverse (CRT) testing machine. A force is exerted against the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specimen by a polished, hardened steel ball that is attached to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- the pendulum-actuating (fixed) clamp of the machine, until
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rupture occurs.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual perfor-
mance. Test Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics
and is the direct responsibility of D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
for bursting strength since the method has been used exten-
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
sively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagree-
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3787–16. DOI:
10.1520/D3787-16R20.
ment arising from differences in values reported by the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3787 − 16 (2020)
should be determined with comparison based on testing speci- 6.2.1 The polished steel ball shall have a diameter of 25.400
mens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type 6 0.005 mm (1.0000 6 0.0002 in.) and shall be spherical
being evaluated.
within 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.). The ring clamp shall have an
internal diameter of 44.450 6 0.025 mm (1.750 6 0.001 in.).
NOTE 3—The kind of force transfer and strength that occur when
knitted goods are worn is prevented by clamping them as directed in this
test method.
7. Sampling
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
7.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in the
tween reported test results for two (or more) laboratories,
applicable material specification. In the absence of such a
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
specification, randomly select the rolls or pieces of fabric that
astatisticalbiasbetweenthem.Thetestsamplesusedshouldbe
constitute the lot sample using the following schedule:
as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from
Number of Rolls or Pieces Number of Rolls or Pieces
which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly
in Lot, Inclusive in Lot Sample
assigned in equal numbers to the laboratories for testing. Other
1to3 all
materials with established test values may be used for this 4to24 4
25 to 50 5
purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be
Over 50 10 % or a maximum of 10 of the
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a
rolls or pieces
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias i
...

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This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
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ASTM D1388-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.  
1.1.1 Option A—Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.  
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.2.1 This method may be used to determine the stiffness of nonwoven materials (for example, hydroentangled, dry laid, needlepunch, resin bonded, thermal, and wet laid) or refer to Test Method D5732. To determine the stiffness of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes), refer to Test Method F3260.  
Note 1: The formula to calculate flexural rigidity in D5732-95 (2001) is incorrect and should not be used. Utilize the formula presented in 11.5 of Test Method D1388.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers...

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ASTM
ASTM D4850-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D737-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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