ASTM D1743-94e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases
Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated tapered roller bearings stored under wet conditions. This test method is based on CRC Technique L 41that shows correlations between laboratory results and service for grease lubricated aircraft wheel bearings.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable inch-pound units for the apparatus dimensions are to be regarded as standard, and the metric conversions are provided for information only. All other values stated in acceptable metric units are standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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e1
Designation: D 1743 – 94 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating
Greases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Figure 4 was corrected editorially in May 1996.
1. Scope 3.1.2 Discussion—In this test method, corrosion is mani-
fested by red rust or black stains on the bearing race. Stains,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro-
through which the underlying metal surface is still visible, are
sion preventive properties of greases using grease-lubricated
not considered corrosion in Test Method D 1743 and shall be
tapered roller bearings stored under wet conditions. This test
ignored.
method is based on CRC Technique L 41 that shows correla-
tions between laboratory results and service for grease lubri-
4. Summary of Test Method
cated aircraft wheel bearings.
4.1 New, cleaned, and lubricated bearings are run under a
1.2 The values stated in acceptable inch-pound units for the
light thrust load for 60 s to distribute the lubricant in a pattern
apparatus dimensions are to be regarded as standard, and the
that might be found in service. The bearings are exposed to
metric conversions are provided for information only. All other
water, then stored for 48 h at 52 6 1°C (125 6 2°F) and 100 %
values stated in acceptable metric units are standard.
relative humidity. After cleaning, the bearing cups are exam-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ined for evidence of corrosion.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method differentiates the relative corrosion-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
preventive capabilities of lubricating greases under the condi-
tions of the test.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3 6.1 Bearings—Timken bearing cone and roller assembly
(Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Solvent)
4 LM11949, and cup LM11910.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.2 Motor, 1750-rpm speed, ⁄4 hp.
G 15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion
5 6.3 Bearing Holder (see Fig. 1) consists of a 1-kg weight,
Testing
upper and lower plastic collars for the bearing cone (Parts A
and B), a metal screw, a plastic collar for the cup (Part C), and
3. Terminology
a plastic jar with a screw cap.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.4 Run-in Stand, as shown in Fig. 2.
3.1.1 corrosion, n— the chemical or electrochemical reac-
6.5 Spindle/Thrust Loading Device, as shown in Fig. 3.
tion between a material, usually a metal, and its environment
(See Table 1 for metric equivalents.)
that produces a deterioration of the material and its proper-
6.6 Mechanical Grease Packer, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig.
ties. G15
5.
6.7 Pliers, as shown in Fig. 6.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
6.8 Syringe, of at least 100-mL volume and with a needle of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
at least 16 gage and a minimum length of 100 mm (4 in.).
D02.G on Lubricating Grease.
6.9 Timer, capable of measuring a 60 6 3-s interval.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1994. Published March 1994. Originally
published as D 1743 – 60 T. Last previous edition D 1743 – 93.
“Research Technique for Determining Rust-Preventive Properties of Lubricat-
ing Greases in the Presence of Free Water,” L-41-957, undated, Coordinating Manufactured by The Timken Co., Canton, OH 44706.
Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter Center Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346. This equipment is available from Falex Corp., 2055 Comprehensive Drive,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Aurora, IL 60505.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. A Waldes Truarc Plier No. 4 available from Truarc Co. or similar, modified as
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. in Fig. 6.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1743
KEY DESCRIPTION QUANTITY
1 PISTON 1
2 O RING 1
3 WEIGHT 1
4 UPPER FLANGE 1
5 LOWER FLANGE 1
1 1
6 ⁄4−20 3 1- ⁄4 FILLISTER HD. MACH. SCREW S.S. 1
7 O RING 1
8 BEARING HOLDER 1
9 PLASTIC JAR 1
10 O RING 1
FIG. 1 Bearing Holder Assembly
6.10 Oven—A laboratory oven, essentially free of vibration, where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
capable of maintaining 52 6 1°C. used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.
D 1743
FIG. 2 Run-in Stand Drawing
accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
to Specification D 1193, Type III.
7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol.
NOTE 1—Warning: Flammable.
7.4 Solvent Rinse Solution of the following composition by
volume:
7.4.1 Isopropyl Alcohol,90%.
7.4.2 Distilled Water,9%.
7.4.3 Ammonium Hydroxide,1%.
NOTE 2—Warning: Poison. Causes burns. Vapor extremely irritating.
Can be fatal if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled.
7.5 Stoddard Solvent, as described in Specification D 235.
NOTE 3—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.
8. Standardization of Thrust Loading Device
8.1 Pack a bearing, install it into the holder and place the
assembly into a plastic jar as described in 10.1 through 10.4.
Place the jar onto the base of the motor drive spindle and center
it under the indexing pin of the drive. Lower the drive until the
O ring just contacts the 1-kg weight. Run the bottom nut of the
depth gage (see Fig. 2) down to the stop. Place a 3-mm spacer
on top of this nut. Bring the top nut down to the spacer. While
holding the top nut in position, remove the spacer and run the
FIG. 3 Spindle/Thrust Loading Device
bottom nut up and tighten it against the top nut. When the O
D 1743
TABLE 1 Metric Equivalents for Figs. 3 and 4
9.3 Transfer the bearing from the Stoddard solvent to the
Inches Millimetres solvent rinse solution (Warning—see Note 2) to remove the
1 Stoddard solvent and any fingerprints that are present. Then
⁄32 0.79
⁄8 3.18
rinse the bearing and slowly rotate in fresh hot (66 6 5°C)
⁄32 3.97
solvent rinse solution.
⁄16 4.76
⁄32 7.14
NOTE 5—Use fresh rinse solution to avoid the selective evaporation of
⁄16 7.94
the components at the rinse temperature.
⁄8 9.53
⁄16 11.11
9.4 Remove the bearing from the solvent rinse solution and
⁄2 12.70
place on filter paper to drain. After draining, dry the bearing in
⁄32 15.08
⁄32 16.67 an oven at 71°C for 15 to 30 min.
⁄4 19.05
9.5 Permit the bearing to cool to room temperature and
1 25.40
1 reexamine surfaces to assure that corrosion-free and free-
1 ⁄8 28.58
1 ⁄16 31.26 turning specimens have been selected. (Care should be taken
1 ⁄4 31.75
not to spin the bearings after cleaning and drying.)
1 ⁄32 34.13
9.6 Wash and dry the bearing packer using the same
1.495 37.973
1.500 38.100
technique as for the preparation of the bearings.
1 ⁄16 39.69
1 ⁄4 44.45
10. Procedure
1.785 45.34
1 ⁄16 49.21
10.1 With the reservoir of grease packer resting on a clean
1.946 49.43
bench top, and while wearing gloves, place bearing cup with
2 ⁄32 56.36
2 ⁄4 57.15
small diameter face down into the recess of the packer. Place
2 ⁄32 59.53
the bearing cone over the cup, and while holding the bearing
3 76.20
assembly against the packer, lift and invert the whole unit and
return it to the bench.
10.2 Fill the reservoir with the grease sample, and use the
ring is compressed against the 1-kg weight until the adjustment
plunger to force grease through the bearing. Carefully remove
nut hits the stop, there will be a 29-N load added, giving a total
the plunger from the reservoir to avoid sucking air into the
load of 39 N on the bearing. (The loads described are provided
bearing, and slide the packer unit over the edge of the bench.
by the forces of the spring in the thrust loading spindle and sum
While holding the bearing assembly in the packer, invert the
of the 1-kg weight and spring, respectively. These loads are
unit to its original position on the bench.
approximate. The 1-kg weights should be within 0.010 kg of
10.3 Using a small square-ended spatula, remove excess
their stated values. The thrust loading spindle should be
grease from the bearing bore and the annulus between the
calibrated by some suitable method when it is first put into
grease packer and outer perimeter of the bearing cup. The
service, recalibrated periodically, and replaced if its spring
bearing is removed from the packer by either use of the pliers
does not provide sufficient force to spin the test bearings
or by placing gloved index finger in the bore and lifting out.
without slippage during the 60 s run to distribute the grease.)
While holding the bearing, use the spatula to remove excess
Examine the O ring periodically and replace it if it shows any
grease above the cage on both sides of the bearing. This
cracks or other signs of deterioration.
procedure is done to ensure that approximately the same
8.2 The thrust loading device should be standardized before
volume of grease is used each time.
use, once per day if used daily, and again if there is reason to
10.4 Using Fig. 1 as a guide, hold the packed bearing
believe that the standardization has changed. The thrust load-
between gloved fingers with large inside diameter of cup
ing device may be standardized using one of the greases to be
downward and insert the small diameter plastic flange on top of
tested.
the bore, and the larger flange into the bottom of the bore. Slide
9. Preparation of Bearings
the bearing assembly onto the 1-kg weight so that the large
9.1 Examine the test bearings carefully and select only diameter flange fits into the recess on the top of the weight.
bearings that have outer races (cups) and rollers entirely free of Insert the bolt through the assembly and screw the bolt tightly
corrosion. During the bearing preparation handle the bearings into the weight. Lower the plastic bearing holder (Part 8) over
with tongs or rubber or plastic gloves. Do not touch bearings the bearing (the large O ring faces upward). Press down the
with the fingers at any time.
holder so that the bearing fits squarely into the holder.
9.2 Wash the selected bearing thoroughly in hot (52 to 10.5 Invert a plastic jar over the bearing assembly. Slide the
66°C) Stoddard solvent (Warning—See Note 3) to remove the
two components over the edge of the bench, and with fingers
rust preventive. Wipe the bearing cone and cup with tissue pressing the weight against the inner bottom of the jar, invert
moistened in hot solvent to remove any remaining residue.
the entire assembly.
Rinse the bearing a second time in fresh, hot Stoddard solvent. 10.6 Place the jar onto the base of the motor driven spindle
and center under the indexing pin of the drive. Start the motor
NOTE 4—The washing temperatures specified are considerably above
and bring the drive into the center of the 1-kg weight and load
the flash point of the Stoddard solvent. Accordingly, the washing operation
until the nut hits the depth stop. Run for 60 s, raise the drive,
should be carried out in a well-ventilated hood where no flames or other
ignition sources are present. and allow the bearing to coast to a stop. Extreme care should
D 1743
FIG. 4 Bearing Packer Brass
be taken not to break the contact between the races and rollers 11.3.1 Spots that are easily removed by rubbing lightly with
at this point and in the following steps. soft tissue (alone or wetted with any solvent nonreactive to rust
10.6.1 At no time during or after the 60 s run shall the or steel at room temperature) shall not be considered as
grease be redistributed or forced back into the bearing. corrosion in the rating.
10.7 Fill a clean syringe with 100 mL of distilled water,
12. Report
freshly boiled and cooled to room temperature. Fresh water
must be prepared for each test. With the run-in bearing in the
12.1 The reported result shall be the pass or fail rating as
jar, simultaneously start a timer and begin adding the water into
determined by at least two of the three bearings.
the hole provided for this purpose in the bearing holder. Add
the 100 mL of water within 10 6 3 s. When the timer shows 50
13. Precision and Bias
s start withdrawing the water. By 60 6 3 s, complete the
13.1 Due to the nature of the results, the precision of this
withdrawal of 70 mL of water. Leave the remaining 30 mL of
test method was not obtained in accordance with
water in the jar.
RR:D02 – 1007“ Manual on Determining Precision Data for
10.8 Screw the cap on the jar and transfer to a dark oven
ASTM Methods on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.”
essentially free from vibration for 48 h at 52 6 1°C.
13.2 Precision—The precision of this test method as deter-
10.9 Prepare three bearings with each grease to be tested.
mined by statistical examination of interlaboratory results is as
Each group of three bearings is one test.
follows:
13.2.1 Repeatability may be judged by the fact that 94 %
11. Rating Procedure
of duplicate results obtained by nine laboratories with six
11.1 Remove the bearing from the test jar and place the
samples were in agreement.
bearing cup in a 50 + 50 mixture by volume of isopropyl
13.2.2 Reproducibility may be judged by the fact that nine
alcohol (Warning—see Note 1) and Stoddard solvent
laboratori
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