ASTM D6009-12
(Guide)Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile; or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile.
Techniques used to sample include both in-place evaluations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site gas analysis, and permeability.
Sampling strategy for waste piles is dependent on the following:
Project objectives including acceptable levels of error when making decisions;
Physical characteristics of the pile, such as its size and configuration, access to all parts of it, and the stability of the pile;
Process that generated the waste and the waste characteristics, such as hazardous chemical or physical properties, whether the waste consists of sludges, dry powders, granules or larger grained materials, and the heterogeneity of the wastes;
History of the pile, including dates of generation, methods of handling and transport, and current management methods;
Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data;
Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment.
It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody.
A case history of the investigation of a waste pile is included in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6009 − 12
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Waste Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsoli-
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representa-
dated Sediments
tive samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data
Used at Waste Sites
interpretation.
D5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zone
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste 3
(Withdrawn 2015)
storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste
D5518 GuideforAcquisitionofFileAerialPhotographyand
piles.
Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design Conditions
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
and Groundwater (Withdrawn 2013)
standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are
3. Terminology
included for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (See also
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D5681.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 hot spots—strata that contain high concentrations of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the characteristic of interest and are relatively small in size
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
when compared with the total size of the materials being
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sampled.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 representative sample—a sample collected such that it
2
reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the project objectives) of the population from which it was
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
collected.
Borings
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Arepresentative sample can be a single
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
sample, a set of samples, or one or more composite samples.
Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-
3.1.3 waste pile—unconfinedstorageofsolidmaterialsinan
Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
areaofdistinctboundaries,abovegradeandusuallyuncovered.
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
This includes the following:
Organic Compounds
3.1.3.1 chemical manufacturing waste pile—a pile consist-
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
ing primarily of discarded chemical products (whether market-
ableornot),by-products,radioactivewastes,orusedorunused
1 feedstocks.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on
3.1.3.2 scrap metal or junk pile—a pile consisting primarily
Planning for Sampling.
of scrap metal or discarded durable goods such as appliances,
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6009 - 96(2006). automobiles, auto parts, or batteries.
DOI: 10.1520/D6009-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6009 − 12
TABLE 1 Strategy Factors
3.1.3.3 trash pile—a pile of waste materials from municipal
sources, consisting primarily of paper, garbage, or discarded Waste Pile Factors Strategic Considerations Design Considerations
nondurable goods that contain or have contained hazardous Generation history Date of generation Analysis required
Types of processes Location of samples
substances.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6009–96 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D6009 – 12
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Waste Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site
evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This
guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D4823 Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zone
D5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier Sampler
D5518 Guide for Acquisition of File Aerial Photography and Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial
Conditions
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D5730 GuideforSiteCharacterizationforEnvironmentalPurposesWithEmphasisonSoil,Rock,theVadoseZoneandGround
Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (See also Terminology D5681.)
3.1.1 hot spots—strata that contain high concentrations of the characteristic of interest and are relatively small in size when
compared with the total size of the materials being sampled.
3.1.2 representative sample—a sample collected such that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (as defined by the
project objectives) of the population from which it was collected.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—A representative sample can be a single sample, a set of samples, or one or more composite samples.
3.1.3 waste pile—unconfined storage of solid materials in an area of distinct boundaries, above grade and usually uncovered.
This includes the following:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Feb.Jan. 1, 2006.2012. Published March 2006.February 2012. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D6009 - 96(20016). DOI: 10.1520/D6009-96R06.10.1520/D6009-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D6009 – 12
3.1.3.1 chemical manufacturing waste pile—a pile consisting primarily of discarded chemical products (whether marketable or
not), by-products, radioactive wastes, or used or unused feedstocks.
3.1.3.2 scrap metal or junk pile—a pile consisting primarily of scrap metal or discarded durable goods such as appliances,
automobiles, auto parts, or batteries.
3.1.3.3 trash pile—a pile of waste materials from municipal sources, consisting primarily of paper, garbage, or discarded
nondurable goods that conta
...
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