ASTM D3291-11(2016)e1

Standard Practice for Compatibility of Plasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Plastics Under Compression

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is possible for plasticizers to become less compatible in poly(vinyl chloride) resin when fused compound is subjected to compressive stress.  
5.1.1 This test subjects a standard test specimen to a definite deformation and allows qualitative determination of the amount of spew that is capable of occurring over a period of time.  
5.1.2 An apparent decrease in compatibility of plasticizers with subsequent exudation can cause excessive dirt pickup, marring of lacquered or varnished surfaces, sticky feel, and a number of other associated problems.  
5.1.3 When a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheet is stressed in compression by bending it through 180°, one way to relieve the stress is by migration of the plasticizer from the compressed area (inside of bend) to the area in tension (outside of bend). If these compressive stresses cannot be relieved rapidly by internal migration of plasticizer, then plasticizer will spew. The internal migration of plasticizer will continue and when a deficiency of plasticizer occurs at the compressed area spewed plasticizer will be reabsorbed. It is possible for certain plasticizers to spew and be reabsorbed quite rapidly. Less compatible plasticizers are capable of spewing early and continuing to spew throughout the test. A test of one week's duration is used for screening, while an extended test of seven weeks' duration is used for a complete profile.
Note 3: It is permissible for the seller and the purchaser to agree upon other test conditions of time, temperature, or relative humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines the compatibility of plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) plastics by rating the amount of plasticizer that spews due to compressional stress set up inside a 180° loop bend.
Note 1: Ingredients other than plasticizer can spew from a total formulation.  
1.2 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.  
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 83.040.30 - Auxiliary materials and additives for plastics
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D3291 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Compatibility of Plasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Plastics
Under Compression
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Reapproved and editorially changed items throughout in September 2016.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice determines the compatibility of plasticiz- 4.1 Test specimens of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheet
ers in poly(vinyl chloride) plastics by rating the amount of are bent through an arc of approximately 180°. The inner
plasticizer that spews due to compressional stress set up inside radius of the bend is equal to the thickness of the specimen.
a 180° loop bend. These bent specimens are secured in a jig designed to hold
them in the desired conformation. At specified intervals of
NOTE 1—Ingredients other than plasticizer can spew from a total
time, a specimen is removed, bent 360° in the opposite
formulation.
direction, and the former inside of the loop (now the outside)
1.2 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes
is examined for evidence of plasticizer spew.
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered 5. Significance and Use
as requirements of this practice.
5.1 It is possible for plasticizers to become less compatible
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the in poly(vinyl chloride) resin when fused compound is sub-
jected to compressive stress.
standard. The values in parentheses are given for information
only. 5.1.1 This test subjects a standard test specimen to a definite
deformation and allows qualitative determination of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
amount of spew that is capable of occurring over a period of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
time.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.2 An apparent decrease in compatibility of plasticizers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with subsequent exudation can cause excessive dirt pickup,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
marring of lacquered or varnished surfaces, sticky feel, and a
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
number of other associated problems.
5.1.3 When a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheet is
2. Referenced Documents
stressedincompressionbybendingitthrough180°,onewayto
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relieve the stress is by migration of the plasticizer from the
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
compressed area (inside of bend) to the area in tension (outside
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
of bend). If these compressive stresses cannot be relieved
tics
rapidly by internal migration of plasticizer, then plasticizer will
spew. The internal migration of plasticizer will continue and
3. Terminology
when a deficiency of plasticizer occurs at the compressed area
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminol-
spewed plasticizer will be reabsorbed. It is possible for certain
ogy D883 and abbreviations with Terminology D1600, unless
plasticizers to spew and be reabsorbed quite rapidly. Less
otherwise indicated.
compatible plasticizers are capable of spewing early and
continuing to spew throughout the test. A test of one week’s
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
duration is used for screening, while an extended test of seven
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
weeks’ duration is used for a complete profile.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3291 – 11. DOI:
NOTE 3—It is permissible for the seller and the purchaser to agree upon
10.1520/D3291-11R16E01.
other test conditions of time, temperature, or relative humidity.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 Bending Test Jig, as shown in Fig. 1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D3291 − 11 (2016)
A Drill and countersink for 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) flat head machine screw
B Drill and tap to receive 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) machine screw
C Permitted to be any convenient length up to 457 mm (18 in.)
Material—Oil-hardening precision ground tool and die steel
FIG. 1 Bending Te
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D3291 − 11 D3291 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Compatibility of Plasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Plastics
Under Compression
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Reapproved and editorially changed items throughout in September 2016.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice determines the compatibility of plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) plastics by rating the amount of plasticizer
that spews due to compressional stress set up inside a 180° loop bend.
NOTE 1—Ingredients other than plasticizer can spew from a total formulation.
NOTE 1—Ingredients other than plasticizer can spew from a total formulation.
1.2 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.
1.3 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 and abbreviations with Terminology D1600, unless
otherwise indicated.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Test specimens of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheet are bent through an arc of approximately 180°. The inner radius of
the bend is equal to the thickness of the specimen. These bent specimens are secured in a jig designed to hold them in the desired
conformation. At specified intervals of time, a specimen is removed, bent 360° in the opposite direction, and the former inside of
the loop (now the outside) is examined for evidence of plasticizer spew.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 It is possible for plasticizers to become less compatible in poly(vinyl chloride) resin when fused compound is subjected to
compressive stress.
5.1.1 This test subjects a standard test specimen to a definite deformation and allows qualitative determination of the amount
of spew that is capable of occurring over a period of time.
5.1.2 An apparent decrease in compatibility of plasticizers with subsequent exudation can cause excessive dirt pickup, marring
of lacquered or varnished surfaces, sticky feel, and a number of other associated problems.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2011September 2016. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20032011
as D3291 – 97 (2003).D3291 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D3291-11.10.1520/D3291-11R16E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D3291 − 11 (2016)
A Drill and countersink for 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) flat head machine screw
B Drill and tap to receive 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) machine screw
C May be any convenient length up to 457 mm (18 in.)
C Permitted to be any convenient length up to 457 mm (18 in.)
Material—Oil-hardening precision ground tool and die steel
FIG. 1 Bending Test Jig
5.1.3 When a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) sheet is stressed in compression by bending it through 180°, one way to relieve
the stress is by migration of the plasticizer from the compressed area (inside of bend) to the area in tension (outside of bend). If
these compressive stresses cannot be relieved rapidly by internal migration of plasticizer, then plasticizer will spew. The internal
migration of plasticizer will continue and when a deficiency of plasticizer occurs at the compressed area spewed plasticizer will
be reabsorbed. It is possible for certain plasticizers to spew and be reabsorbed quite rapidly. Less compatible plasticizers are
capable of spewing early and continuing to spew throughout the test. A test of one week’s duration is used for screening, while
an extended test of seven weeks’ duration is used for a complete profile.
NOTE 3—It is permissible for the seller and th
...