ASTM D2205-85(2004)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field. This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: liquid paint properties; application and appearance properties; properties of the dried film; analysis of paint; and field evaluations. Conditions, such as: substrate type; climatic conditions; service density; traffic type; and presence of foreign matter on the road surface, may affect traffic paint.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2205–85(Reapproved2004)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on Fluid
Traffic Marking Materials
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D868 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Bleeding of
for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
Traffic Paint
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint
D869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of
product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use
Paint
as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Using Water Immersion
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D913 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to
only.
Wear of Traffic Paint
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D969 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degree
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Bleeding of Traffic Paint
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
2. Referenced Documents Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic Paints
2.1 ASTM Standards:
During Storage
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
and Related Products
ments
D1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
D1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films of
and Applications
Varnishes to Water and Alkali
D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
D1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached Organic
Oil Paints
Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Krebs Unit (KU)Viscosity Using a Stormer-TypeViscom-
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
eter
Coordinates
D711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
Reducible Paints
D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Reducible Paints
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings. D4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
Coatings
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2205 – 85 (1998). DOI:
E97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg
10.1520/D2205-85R04.
0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter Reflec-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tometry
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
the ASTM website.
3 Using the CIE System
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2205–85 (2004)
2.2 U.S. Federal Test Methods Standard 141B: maximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referenced
4121 Dry Opacity test with a 325-mesh (45-µm) screen gives the percent of this
material in the paint.
3. Terminology
7.2 Determine coarse particles in accordance with Test
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this guide, refer to
Methods D185.
Terminology C219, D8, and D16.
NOTE 1—This test is not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixed
glass beads.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, although
8. Fineness of Dispersion
not exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in traffic
8.1 The more finely a pigment is dispersed, the more
paint testing:
efficiently it is being used. One method for measuring the
Sections
degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of
Liquid Paint Properties 6 through 11
grind”) is to draw the material down a calibrated, tapered
Application and Appearance Properties 12 through 17
Properties of the Dried Film 18 through 20
groove in a hardened steel block with the groove varying in
Analysis of Paint 21 through 24
depth from 4 to 0 mils (100 to 0 µm). The point at which
Field Evaluations 25 through 29
continuous groupings of particles or agglomerates, or both,
5. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint protrude through the surface of the liquid is taken as the
fineness reading. Lower readings in mils or micrometres or
5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:
higher reading in Hegman units indicate better fineness of
5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphaltic
dispersion.
concretes, and the various coarse aggregates used therein.
8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for traffic
5.1.2 Climatic conditions, both generally and specifically, at
paint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1
the time of paint application.
to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 µm). If additional
5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in cities
assurance is needed that the paint will not clog application
versus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.
equipment, determine the fineness in accordance with Test
5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavy
Method D1210 after reducing the traffic paint with mineral
trucks and airplanes.
spirits, or compatible aromatic solvent with a similar evapora-
5.1.5 Presenceofforeignmatterontheroadsurface,suchas
tionrate,tokeepthefilmwetlongenoughtodeterminetheend
oil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curing com-
point more easily. When a premix traffic paint is being tested,
pound, etc.
conduct the test on the paint before addition of the beads.
5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greater
degree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces and
9. Density or Weight per Gallon
thereby adversely affect paint adhesion. Paint adhesion is also
9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not a
affected by the ratio of cement to fine aggregate, coarse
performance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-
aggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surface
mity from batch to batch.Acalibrated weight per gallon cup is
character of the aggregate that can range from impervious
used.
smooth quartz to irregular, porous slag.
9.2 For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-
dance with Test Method D1475.
LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES
9.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup
6. Skinning
having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with a
6.1 Paints containing a binder that dries by oxidation are snug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in accordance with Test
subjecttoskinformationinapartiallyfilledcanorbydiffusion
Method D1475.
of air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paint
10. Consistency
they must be removed before use. The referenced test employs
10.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a stated
a partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint to
consistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser and
skin. A typical minimum time for skinning is 18 to 24 h.
the seller. Consistency is used mainly to ensure product
6.2 Examine the original sample for skins both on the
uniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adversely
surface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portion
affect application properties, and in turn, paint performance.
of the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with
10.2 DetermineconsistencyusingtheStormerviscometerin
Guide D154, except use a 0.5-L (1-pt) friction-top can instead
accordance with Test Method D562. If the requirement is in
of an 0.25-L (8-oz) jar.
Krebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D562 permits changing
7. Coarse Particles
seconds to KU.
7.1 Paints must be free of oversize particles and foreign
matter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typical
The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to the
committee at this time is BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden
Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. which you may attend.
D2205–85 (2004)
11. Package Stability 15.2 If required, determine the color in terms of tristimulus
values or chromaticity coordinates in accordance with Practice
11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately after
E308.
manufacture, they must remain stable in the can for some time,
15.3 Determine color difference by visual comparison
which for traffic paints does not generally exceed 6 months.
against standard color chips in accordance with Practice
Although package stability can usually be determined by
D1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, and
alternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally the
geometric characteristics of light source, illuminating and
results do not coincide with storage at normal temperature.The
viewing conditions, size of specimens, and general procedures
referenced methods determine the degree of pigment settling
to be used in the visual evaluation of color differences of
after 2 weeks cycling or after 6 months storage at room
opaque materials.
temperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to rate
15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-
numerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint.
dance with Practice D2244. The method covers the instrumen-
11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel-
tal measurement of small color differences observable in
erated test in accordance with Test Method D1309. Determine
daylight illumination between nonfluorescent, nonmetameric,
the degree of pigment settling and ease of remixing a shelf-
opaque surfaces.
aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D869.
16. Reflectance
APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES
16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from the
12. Drying Time surface of a paint. It determines which of two specimens
appears lighter when viewed in average daylight at an angle
12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularly
that eliminates gloss effects.
important because it determines how quickly a lane can be
16.2 Determine the green filter reflectance in accordance
openedtofreeflowoftrafficwithoutthepaintbeingtransferred
with Test Method E97.
to adjacent pavement.
12.2 Thoughno-pick-uptimeasdeterminedbyTestMethod
17. Night Visibility or Retroreflectance of Beaded Paints
D711 has no direct correlation with field application, it is
at Low Angles
employed as a quality control test.
17.1 This property is important to traffic paint but visibility
at night is not related to daylight reflectance. The retroreflec-
13. Bleeding
tance evaluation of test panels coated with traffic paint should
13.1 Bleeding refers to the passage of colored matter such
be in accordance with Test Method D4061. Such panels can
as bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the traffic paint
serve as controls in monitoring the application of traffic paint
film. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatibility
and can be helpful in correlating visual ratings with absolute
with the paint, and the speed of drying of the paint. Typical
values.
traffic paints give results of 6 to 10 on an arbitrary scale of
photographic standards where 10 is no bleeding and 2 is
PROPERTIES OF THE DRIED FILM
considerable bleeding. Determine bleeding in accordance with
Test Methods D868 and D969.
18. Resistance to Wear
18.1 Resistance to wear is a measure of the ability of the
14. Hiding Power
dried film to withstand wear from traffic and from objects
14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability of
rolled or pulled across the surface. In the referenced method
a paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with the
abrasive is poured onto a dry film on a glass panel until the
thicknessoftheappliedfilmthatmaybeinfluencedbytheflow
paintisremoved.Atypicalvaluefortrafficpaintis65Lofsand
and application properties of the paint.
for removal of a 75-µm (3-mil) dry film. Determine resistance
14.2 Determine the dry hiding power of traffic paints in
to wear in accordance with Test Method D913.
accordance with Procedure A, Method 4121 of U.S. Federal
18.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the abrasion
TestMethodStandard 141B.(Thismethodisbeingrewrittenin
resistance to falling sand or silicon carbide in accordance with
ASTM form.)
Test Methods D968.
15. Color and Color Difference
19. Elongation
15.1 The color of a paint may be determined precisely by
19.1 Elongation is a measure of the flexibility of a paint
means of a spectrophotometer. However, the exact color is not
film. Traffic paints may have difficulty in meeting the refer-
usually as important as how closely a paint matches a standard.
encedtestiftheyareover-pigmentedtoobtainhighreflectance.
Color difference between a product and a standard can be
determined visually or with less elaborate instruments than for
color measurement. Visual comparison of color is fast and
The sole source of supply of the standard yellow color chips known to the
committee at this time is Traffic Control Systems Div., HTO-20, Office of Traffic
often acceptable although numerical values are not
...
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