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ASTM A351/A351M-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts

Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
Note 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.  
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800°F [425°C].
1.2.2 Because of embrittlement phases, Grade CD4MCu is not recommended for service at temperatures above 600°F [316°C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2010
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A351/A351M-06 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Replaced By
ASTM A351/A351M-12 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1545-15a(2021) - Standard Specification for Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A403/A403M-22b - Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A297/A297M-21a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A985/A985M-21 - Standard Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A774/A774M-14(2019) - Standard Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A990/A990M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure-Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1960-23b - Standard Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for Use with Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) and Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1155-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A800/A800M-20 - Standard Practice for Estimating Ferrite Content of Stainless Steel Castings Containing Both Ferrite and Austenite
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM F1511-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Mechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Referred By
ASTM A703/A703M-20a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010

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ASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
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REDLINE ASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsREDLINE ASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
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REDLINE ASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing PartsREDLINE ASTM A351/A351M-10 - Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A351/A351M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA351/A351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* contract specifies the applicable M specification designation
2 (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.Within the text, the
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for
SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.
valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts
(Note 1).
2. Referenced Documents
3
NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are cov-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specifi-
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
cation A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification
Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-
A995/A995M.
vice
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
included in this specification. Since these grades possess
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures
able for High-Temperature Service
or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selec-
fications of Procedures and Personnel
tion will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Re-
properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant charac-
quirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
teristics, or both.
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A,
General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at
A995/A995M SpecificationforCastings,Austenitic-Ferritic
temperatures above 800°F [425°C].
(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts
1.2.2 Because of embrittlement phases, Grade CD4MCu is
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
not recommended for service at temperatures above 600°F
Industry
[316°C].
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supple- 4
Fittings Industry Standard:
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Components (Visual
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Method)
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. General Conditions for Delivery
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Other than investment castings – Material furnished to
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
with the standard.
fication A703/A703M, including any supplementary require-
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound
ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to
units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or
comply with the general requirements of Specification A703/
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
3
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.18 on Castings. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A351/A351M – 06. the ASTM website.
4
DOI: 10.1520/A0351_A0351M-10. AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
cation SA-351/SA-351M in Section II of that code. hq.com.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A351/A351M–06 Designation: A351/A351M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA351/A351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification
A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 Anumber of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees
of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine
which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and
high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at
temperatures above 800°F [425°C].
1.2.2 Because of embrittlement phases, Grade CD4MCu is not recommended for service at temperatures above 600°F [316°C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are
shown in brackets or parentheses.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
High-Temperature Service
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2006.2010. Published March 2006.April 2010. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
A351/A351M – 056. DOI: 10.1520/A0351_A0351M-106.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-351/SA-351M in Section II of that code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Stan
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A351/A351M–06 Designation: A351/A351M – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA351/A351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification
A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 Anumber of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees
of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine
which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and
high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at
temperatures above 800°F [425°C].
1.2.2 Because of embrittlement phases, Grade CD4MCu is not recommended for service at temperatures above 600°F [316°C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are
shown in brackets or parentheses.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
High-Temperature Service
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2006.2010. Published March 2006.April 2010. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
A351/A351M – 056. DOI: 10.1520/A0351_A0351M-106.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-351/SA-351M in Section II of that code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Stan
...

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1.1 This specification2 covers martensitic stainless steel and alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1) intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service (Note 2).  
1.2 One grade of martensitic stainless steel and nine grades of ferritic alloy steel are covered. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant characteristics (Note 3).
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M. Low alloy quench-and-tempered grades equivalent to Specification A217/A217M grades may be found in both Specifications A352/A352M and A487/A487M.
Note 2: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 3: The committee formulating this specification has included nine grades of materials that are considered to represent basic types of ferritic alloy steels suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels that may better fulfill certain types of service will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A744/A744M-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for iron-chromium-nickel alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications. Alloys shall be melted by the electric furnace process with or without refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization. Castings shall be heat treated and shall conform to the required heat treatment conditions. The materials shall conform with the prescribed chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, columbium, copper, selenium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications.  
1.2 This specification requires post-weld heat treatment of all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the corrosive medium. For applications for which post-weld heat treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of acceptable corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.  
Note 1: For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M. For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3.2 Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A744M.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A216/A216M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding. Covered here are three grades of carbon steel (Grades WCA, WCB, and WCC), the selection of which shall depend on the design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high temperature characteristics. Castings shall be heat treated and furnished, as appropriate to their design and chemical composition, in the annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered conditions after they have been allowed to cool below the transformation range. Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be effectively controlled by pyrometer. Steel castings shall adhere to chemical composition and tensile property requirements, which include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. The surface of castings shall be free of adhering elements such as sand, cracks, hot tears, and other discontinuities, and as such be repair welded when judged appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding.  
1.2 Three grades, WCA, WCB, and WCC, are covered in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high-temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A297/A297M-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.  
Note 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A487/A487M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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