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ASTM C1914-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass

Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is generally recognized that excess moisture and air within an interlayer will cause bubble formation in a laminate when exposed to heat or UV radiation, or both. These may be caused by initial moisture and air in the interlayer and be generated by thermal exposure. The purpose of this test method is to measure quantitatively the laminate stability under controlled conditions, specifically in relation to the formation of bubbles in the body of the laminate.  
5.2 Subjecting the laminated glazing to extended heat at a controlled temperature and time provides the excess moisture and air which are forced into the interlayer during processing to surface as bubbles. This occurs only if there are excess moisture and air trapped in between the glass. Therefore, making these thermal tests efficient to determine proper de-airing of laminated glass products.  
5.3 This test method provides a means to visually determine if discoloration has or is occurring and serves as a pass/fail test for some aspects of lamination quality.  
5.4 This test method can be performed after natural or accelerated exposure to determine if there are changes to the polymer such as the stability with high temperature which is useful for understanding the visual stability of installed glazing.  
5.5 This test method does not provide an indication of laminated glass capability for impact resistance, glass shard retention on breakage or edge stability of laminated glass.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this test method is to measure quantitatively the laminate stability under controlled conditions, specifically in relation to the formation of bubbles in a laminate with heat exposure.  
1.2 This test method can be performed on laminates which have been exposed to weathering or as manufactured samples to determine the amount of excess air dissolved in the interlayer.  
1.3 This test method determines the stability of laminated glass when subjected to high heat environments.  
1.4 This test method outlines a procedure to be used on laminated glass with two or more layers of glass bonded by an interlayer.  
1.5 This test method covers visual rating of tested specimens.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2021
ICS
81.040.30 - Glass products
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.08 - Flat Glass
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C1914-21 - Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated GlassASTM C1914-21 - Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass
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ASTM C1914-21 - Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1914 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 The purpose of this test method is to measure quantita-
3.1 Definitions:
tively the laminate stability under controlled conditions, spe-
3.1.1 boil tank, n—a vessel capable of holding laminated
cifically in relation to the formation of bubbles in a laminate
glass specimens submerged in water at a set temperature for a
with heat exposure.
specified amount of time.
1.2 This test method can be performed on laminates which
have been exposed to weathering or as manufactured samples 4. Summary of Test Method
to determine the amount of excess air dissolved in the
4.1 This test method involves engulfing the laminate in heat
interlayer.
for a predetermined amount of time, removing the laminates
1.3 This test method determines the stability of laminated
from the heat source, allowing the specimen to cool and rating
glass when subjected to high heat environments.
the number and location of any bubbles or other anomalies
1.4 This test method outlines a procedure to be used on formed in the laminated glass.
laminated glass with two or more layers of glass bonded by an
interlayer. 5. Significance and Use
1.5 This test method covers visual rating of tested speci-
5.1 It is generally recognized that excess moisture and air
mens.
within an interlayer will cause bubble formation in a laminate
when exposed to heat or UV radiation, or both. These may be
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
caused by initial moisture and air in the interlayer and be
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard. generatedbythermalexposure.Thepurposeofthistestmethod
is to measure quantitatively the laminate stability under con-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
trolled conditions, specifically in relation to the formation of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bubbles in the body of the laminate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.2 Subjecting the laminated glazing to extended heat at a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
controlled temperature and time provides the excess moisture
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
and air which are forced into the interlayer during processing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to surface as bubbles. This occurs only if there are excess
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
moisture and air trapped in between the glass. Therefore,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
making these thermal tests efficient to determine proper de-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
airing of laminated glass products.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.3 Thistestmethodprovidesameanstovisuallydetermine
2. Referenced Documents
ifdiscolorationhasorisoccurringandservesasapass/failtest
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for some aspects of lamination quality.
C1172Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
5.4 This test method can be performed after natural or
accelerated exposure to determine if there are changes to the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
polymer such as the stability with high temperature which is
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat
Glass.
useful for understanding the visual stability of installed glaz-
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. DOI: 10.1520/
ing.
C1914-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.5 This test method does not provide an indication of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
laminated glass capability for impact resistance, glass shard
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. retention on breakage or edge stability of laminated glass.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1914 − 2
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Measurement—The refractive index at any wavelength of a piece of homogeneous glass is a function, primarily, of its composition, and secondarily, of its state of annealing. The index of a glass can be altered over a range of up to 1×10-4 (that is, 1 in the fourth decimal place) by the changing of an annealing schedule. This is a critical consideration for optical glasses, that is, glasses intended for use in high performance optical instruments where the required value of an index can be as exact as 1×10-6. Compensation for minor variations of composition are made by controlled rates of annealing for such optical glasses; therefore, the ability to measure index to six decimal places can be a necessity; however, for most commercial and experimental glasses, standard annealing schedules appropriate to each are used to limit internal stress and less rigorous methods of test for refractive index are usually adequate. The refractive indices of glass ophthalmic lens pressings are held to 5×10-4 because the tools used for generating the figures of ophthalmic lenses are made to produce curvatures that are related to specific indices of refraction of the lens materials.  
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4.2.1 Some modern usage sp...
SCOPE
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1.1.2.2 Interferometry,
1.1.2.3 Ellipsometry, and
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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3.1.2 Test Method B-W  is intended particularly for testing glass containers to be used for products with a pH of 5.0 or over.  
3.1.3 Test Method P-W  is a hydrolytic autoclave test primarily intended for evaluating samples from untreated glass containers. It is often useful for testing the resistance of containers of too small capacity to permit measurements of solubility on the unbroken article by the B-W test method. Yielding the water resistance of the bulk glass, it can also be used in conjunction with the B-W test method to distinguish whether the internal surface of a container has been treated to improve its durability.  
3.2 All three test methods are suitable for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the resistance of glass containers to chemical attack. Three test methods are presented, as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method B-A  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on bottles partially filled with dilute acid as the attacking medium.  
1.1.2 Test Method B-W  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on bottles partially filled with distilled water as the attacking medium.  
1.1.3 Test Method P-W  covers autoclave tests at 121 °C on powdered samples with pure water as the attacking medium.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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