ASTM F594-09(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts in specified size, inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance. Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening: Group 1; Group 2; Group 3; Group 4; Group 5; Group 6; and Group 7. The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable mechanical properties. Chemical tests; mechanical tests; and corrosion resistance shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
15.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts 0.25 to 1.50 in., inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance.
1.2 Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening.
Group
AlloysA
ConditionB
1
304, 305, 304L
384, 18–9LW, 302HQC
(CW)
cold workedD
2
316, 316L
(CW)
cold workedD
3
321, 347
(CW)
cold workedD
4
430E
(CW)
cold workedD
5
410F
(H)
hardened and tempered
6
431
(H)
hardened and tempered
7
630
(AH)
aged hardened(A) Unless otherwise specified on the inquiry and order, the choice of an alloy from within a group shall be at the discretion of the fastener manufacturer (see 6.1).(B) See 4.2 for options.(C) When approved by the purchaser, alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be furnished.(D) Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be hot worked and solution annealed.(E) When approved by the purchaser, alloy 430F may be furnished.(F) When approved by the purchaser, alloy 416 or 416Se may be furnished.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided, applicable only when agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the inquiry and order.
1.4 Suitable bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for use with nuts included in this specification are covered by Specification F593. Unless otherwise specified, all bolts, hex cap screws, and studs used with these nuts shall conform to the requirements of Specification F593 and shall be of the same alloy group.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F594 −09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Nuts
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF594;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for stainless
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
steel nuts 0.25 to 1.50 in., inclusive, in nominal diameter in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
number of alloys in common use and intended for service
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
applications requiring general corrosion resistance.
1.2 Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered,
2. Referenced Documents
including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one
precipitation hardening.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A B
Group Alloys Condition A262Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
D
1 304, 305, 304L (CW) cold worked
C A342/A342MTest Methods for Permeability of Weakly
384, 18–9LW, 302HQ
D
2 316, 316L (CW) cold worked
Magnetic Materials
D
3 321, 347 (CW) cold worked
A380Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of
E D
4 430 (CW) cold worked
F
Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
5 410 (H) hardened and tempered
6 431 (H) hardened and tempered
A493Specification for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
7 630 (AH) aged hardened
for Cold Heading and Cold Forging
A
A555/A555MSpecification for General Requirements for
Unless otherwise specified on the inquiry and order, the choice of an alloy from
within a group shall be at the discretion of the fastener manufacturer (see 6.1).
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
B
See 4.2 for options.
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-
C
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be furnished.
D
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be hot worked and solution annealed.
E
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 430F may be furnished.
A582/A582MSpecification for Free-Machining Stainless
F
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 416 or 416Se may be furnished.
Steel Bars
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
provided, applicable only when agreed upon by the manufac-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
turer and the purchaser at the time of the inquiry and order.
D3951Practice for Commercial Packaging
1.4 Suitable bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for use with E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
nuts included in this specification are covered by Specification
Determine Conformance with Specifications
F593.Unlessotherwisespecified,allbolts,hexcapscrews,and
F593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
studsusedwiththesenutsshallconformtotherequirementsof
Screws, and Studs
Specification F593 and shall be of the same alloy group.
F606Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only E1470Test Method for Characterization of Proteins by
Electrophoretic Mobility (Withdrawn 2014)
and are not considered standard.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.04 on Nonferrous contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fasteners. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F594–09 . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F0594-09R15. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F594−09 (2015)
2.2 ASME Standards:
A— Machined from annealed or solution annealed stock thus
retaining the properties of the original material; or hot formed
B1.1Unified Inch Screw Threads
and solution annealed.
B18.2.2Square and Hex Nuts
AF— Annealed after all threading is completed.
AH— Solution annealed and age hardened after forming.
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards are noted for information
CW— Annealed and cold worked. Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be
only as suitable sources of material for the manufacture of nuts to this
hot worked and solution annealed.
specification:
H— Hardened and tempered at 1050°F (565°C) minimum.
Specifications A493, A564/A564M, and A582/A582M.
HT— Hardened and tempered at 525°F (274°C) minimum.
SH— Machined from strain hardened stock.
3. Ordering Information
5. Heat Treatment
3.1 Orders for nuts under this specification shall include the
following:
5.1 Alloy Groups 1, 2, and 3 (Austenitic Alloys 303, 303Se,
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of each item and size),
304, 304L, 305, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 384, XM1, 18–9LW, and
3.1.2 Name of item,
302HQ):
3.1.3 Size (diameter and threads per inch),
5.1.1 Condition A—When Condition A is specified, the
3.1.4 Alloy group number (see 6.2.1), and
austenitic alloys shall be heated to 1900 6 50°F (1038 6
3.1.5 Condition (see 4.2).
28°C), at which time the chromium carbide will go into the
3.1.6 Orders for nuts under this specification may include
solution, be held for a sufficient time, and then be cooled at a
the following optional requirements:
rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and to
3.1.6.1 Forming (see 4.1.1),
3.1.6.2 Composition (see 6.2), provide the specified properties.
3.1.6.3 Corrosion resistance (see 8.1),
5.1.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the
3.1.6.4 Thread class (see 9.2),
austeniticalloysshallbeannealedasspecifiedin5.1.1andthen
3.1.6.5 Finish (see 10.3),
cold worked to develop the specified properties.
3.1.6.6 Test report (see 17.2),
5.1.3 Condition AF—When Condition AF is specified, the
3.1.6.7 Rejection (see 16.1),
austenitic alloys shall be annealed as specified in 5.1.1 after all
3.1.6.8 Test rejection (see 16.1), and
cold working, including forming and threading.
3.1.6.9 Special packaging (see 19.2).
3.1.7 Supplementaryrequirements,ifany,tobespecifiedon
5.2 Alloy Group 4 (Ferritic Alloys 430 and 430F):
the order (see S1 through S8), and
5.2.1 Condition A—The ferritic alloys shall be heated to a
3.1.8 ASTM specification and date of issue. When date of
temperature of 1450 6 50°F (788 6 28°C), held for an
issue is not specified, fasteners shall be furnished to the latest
appropriate time, and then air cooled to provide the specified
issue.
properties.
NOTE2—Example:10000pieces,HexNut,0.250in.−20,AlloyGroup
5.2.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the
1, Condition CW, Furnish Test Report, Supplementary Requirement S3.
ferritic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.2.1,
4. Manufacture
generally by the raw material manufacturer, and then cold
worked to develop the specified properties.
4.1 Manufacture:
4.1.1 Forming—Unless otherwise specified, the nuts shall
5.3 Alloy Group 5 (Martensitic Alloys 410, 416, and 416Se):
be hot formed, cold formed, or machined from suitable
5.3.1 Condition H—When Condition H is specified, the
material, at the option of the manufacturer.
martensitic alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and
4.2 Condition—The fasteners shall be furnished in the
tempered by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient
followingconditions,unlessspecifiedtobefurnishedinoneof
for austenitization, held for at least ⁄2 h and rapid air- or
the optional conditions:
oil-quenched, then reheating to 1050°F (565°C) minimum for
Condition Furnished
at least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified properties.
Alloy Group Unless Otherwise Optional Conditions
5.3.2 Condition HT—When Condition HT is specified, the
Specified (must be specified)
martensitic alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and
1, 2, 3 CW AF, A, SH
tempered by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient
4CW A
5H HT
for austenitization, held for at least ⁄2h and rapid air- or
6H HT
oil-quenched,thenreheatingto525°F(274°C)minimumforat
7 AH none
least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified properties.
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East
Englewood, CO 80112-5704, http://www.global.ihs.com.
F594−09 (2015)
5.4 Alloy Group 6 (Martensitic Alloy 431): 8. Corrosion Resistance
5.4.1 Conditions H and HT—Themartensiticalloy431shall
8.1 Carbide Precipitation:
be hardened and tempered as specified in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 as
8.1.1 Rod, bar, and wire in the austeniticAlloy Groups 1, 2,
applicable.
and 3, except the free-machining grades, 303 and 303Se used
tomakefastenersinaccordancewiththisspecification,shallbe
5.5 Alloy Group 7 (Precipitation Hardening Alloy 630):
capable of passing the test for susceptibility to intergranular
5.5.1 Condition AH—The precipitation hardening alloy 630
corrosion as specified in Practice E of Practice A262.
shallbesolutionannealedandagedbyheatingto1900 625°F
8.1.2 As stated in Practice A262, samples may be subjected
(1038 6 14°C) for at least ⁄2 h and rapid air or oil quenched
to the faster and more severe screening test in accordance with
to 80°F (27°C) maximum, then reheating to a temperature of
Practice A. Failing Practice A, specimens may be tested in
1150 615°F(621 68°C)for4handaircooledtoprovidethe
accordance with Practice E and be considered satisfactory if
specified properties.
passing Practice E.
6. Chemical Composition
9. Dimensions
6.1 Alloy Groups—It is the intent of this specification that
9.1 Nuts:
fasteners shall be ordered by alloy group numbers that include
9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions shall be in
alloys considered to be chemically equivalent for general
accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.2 for Hex
purpose use. The alloy groupings are as shown below. When
Nuts.
required, however, a specific alloy may be specified as permit-
9.1.2 When specified, the dimensions of nuts shall be in
ted by 6.2.2.
accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.2 (type as
Alloy Group Alloys
specified), or such other dimensions as may be specified.
1 304, 305, 304L
9.2 Threads (see Table 4)—Unless otherwise specified, the
A
384, 18–9LW, 302HQ
2 316, 316L nuts shall have Class 2B threads in accordance with ASME
3 321, 347
B1.1.
B
4 430
C
5 410
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
6 431
7 630 10.1 Workmanship—The nuts shall have a workmanlike
finish, free of injurious burrs, seams, laps, irregular surfaces,
A
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be furnished.
and other defects affecting serviceability.
B
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 430F may be furnished.
C
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 416 or 416Se may be furnished. 10.2 Surface Finish—The nuts shall have a surface finish
produced in accordance with Practice A380.
6.2 Chemical Composition Limits:
6.2.1 Ordering by Alloy Group—Unless otherwise specified 10.3 Protective Finishes—Unless otherwise specified, the
on the inquiry and order (see Supplementary Requirement S4), nutsshallbefurnishedwithoutanadditivechemicalormetallic
the choice of an alloy from within a group shall be at the finish.
discretion of the fastener manufacturer as required by his
11. Sampling
method of fastener fabrication and material availability. The
11.1 Alot,forthepurposesofselectingtestspecimens,shall
specificalloyusedbythefastenermanufacturershallbeclearly
consist of not more than 100000 pieces offered for inspection
identified on any certification required by the order and shall
at one time having the following common characteristics:
have a chemical composition conforming to the requirements
11.1.1 One type of item,
of Table 1 for the specific alloy.
11.1.2 Same alloy and condition, and
6.2.2 Ordering by Specific Alloy—When ordered by a spe-
11.1.3 One nominal diameter and thread series.
cific alloy number, the fasteners shall conform to the chemical
composition limits of Table 1 for the specific alloy.
12. Number of Tests and Retests
6.3 Product Analysis:
12.1 Number of Tests:
6.3.1 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser from
12.1.1 Mechanical Tests—The mechanical requirements of
finished nuts representing each lot. The chemical composition
this specification shall be met in continuous mass production
thus determined shall conform to the requirements of Table 1
for stock. The manufacturer shall make sample inspections as
for the specific alloy subject to the ProductAnalysisTolerance
specifiedbelowtoensuretheproductconformstothespecified
in Specification A555/A555M.
requirements.When tests of individual shipments are required,
6.3.2 In the event of discrepancy, a referee chemical analy-
Supplementary Requirement S1 must be specified in the
sis of samples from each lot shall be made in accordance with
inquiry and order.
14.1.
Acceptance Criteria
Number of Pieces in Lot Number Acceptance Rejection
7. Mechanical Properties
of Tests Number Number
7.1 The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable me-
2to50 2 0 1
chanical properties of Table 2 for the specified alloy group and
51 to 500 3 0 1
condition when tested in accordance with the mechanical 501 to 35 000 5 0 1
35 001 to 100 000 8 0 1
property requirements as specified herein (see also Table 3).
F594−09 (2015)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
UNS Composition, % maximum except as shown
Alloy
Desig-
Alloy
Manga- Phos- Others
Group
Carbon Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum
nation
nese phorus
Austenitic Alloys
A
1 S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to . . . 0.60 max .
19.0 10.0
1 S30323 303Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.060 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to . . Se 0.15
19.0 10.0 min
1 S30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0 to 8.0 to 1.00 . .
20.0 10.5
1 S30403 304L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0 to 8.0 to 1.00 . .
20.0 12.0
1 S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0 to 10.5 to 1.00 . .
19.0 13.0
1 S38400 384 0.08 2.00
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F594 − 09 F594 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Nuts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Table 4 was editorially corrected in January 2011.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts 0.25 to 1.50 in., inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number
of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance.
1.2 Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one
precipitation hardening.
A B
Group Alloys Condition
D
1 304, 305, 304L (CW) cold worked
C
384, 18–9LW, 302HQ
D
2 316, 316L (CW) cold worked
D
3 321, 347 (CW) cold worked
E D
4 430 (CW) cold worked
F
5 410 (H) hardened and tempered
6 431 (H) hardened and tempered
7 630 (AH) aged hardened
A
Unless otherwise specified on the inquiry and order, the choice of an alloy from within a group shall be at the discretion of the fastener manufacturer (see 6.1).
B
See 4.2 for options.
C
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be furnished.
D
Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be hot worked and solution annealed.
E
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 430F may be furnished.
F
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 416 or 416Se may be furnished.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided, applicable only when agreed upon by the manufacturer and
the purchaser at the time of the inquiry and order.
1.4 Suitable bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for use with nuts included in this specification are covered by Specification F593.
Unless otherwise specified, all bolts, hex cap screws, and studs used with these nuts shall conform to the requirements of
Specification F593 and shall be of the same alloy group.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of Weakly Magnetic Materials
A380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.04 on Nonferrous Fasteners.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2015. Published January 2010November 2015. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20082009
ɛ1
as F594 – 08.F594 – 09 . DOI: 10.1520/F0594-09E01.10.1520/F0594-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F594 − 09 (2015)
A493 Specification for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods for Cold Heading and Cold Forging
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
F593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and
Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M
E1470 Test Method for Characterization of Proteins by Electrophoretic Mobility (Withdrawn 2014)
2.2 ASME Standards:
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards are noted for information only as suitable sources of material for the manufacture of nuts to this specification:
Specifications A493, A564/A564M, and A582/A582M.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for nuts under this specification shall include the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of each item and size),
3.1.2 Name of item,
3.1.3 Size (diameter and threads per inch),
3.1.4 Alloy group number (see 6.2.1), and
3.1.5 Condition (see 4.2).
3.1.6 Orders for nuts under this specification may include the following optional requirements:
3.1.6.1 Forming (see 4.1.1),
3.1.6.2 Composition (see 6.2),
3.1.6.3 Corrosion resistance (see 8.1),
3.1.6.4 Thread class (see 9.2),
10.3),
3.1.6.5 Finish (see
3.1.6.6 Test report (see 17.2),
3.1.6.7 Rejection (see 16.1),
3.1.6.8 Test rejection (see 16.1), and
3.1.6.9 Special packaging (see 19.2).
3.1.7 Supplementary requirements, if any, to be specified on the order (see S1 through S8), and
3.1.8 ASTM specification and date of issue. When date of issue is not specified, fasteners shall be furnished to the latest issue.
NOTE 2—Example: 10 000 pieces, Hex Nut, 0.250 in. −20, Alloy Group 1, Condition CW, Furnish Test Report, Supplementary Requirement S3.
4. Manufacture
4.1 Manufacture:
4.1.1 Forming—Unless otherwise specified, the nuts shall be hot formed, cold formed, or machined from suitable material, at
the option of the manufacturer.
4.2 Condition—The fasteners shall be furnished in the following conditions, unless specified to be furnished in one of the
optional conditions:
Condition Furnished
Alloy Group Unless Otherwise Optional Conditions
Specified (must be specified)
1, 2, 3 CW AF, A, SH
4 CW A
5 H HT
6 H HT
7 AH none
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 80112-5704, http://www.global.ihs.com.
F594 − 09 (2015)
A— Machined from annealed or solution annealed stock thus
retaining the properties of the original material; or hot formed
and solution annealed.
AF— Annealed after all threading is completed.
AH— Solution annealed and age hardened after forming.
CW— Annealed and cold worked. Sizes 0.75 in. and larger may be
hot worked and solution annealed.
H— Hardened and tempered at 1050°F (565°C) minimum.
HT— Hardened and tempered at 525°F (274°C) minimum.
SH— Machined from strain hardened stock.
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 Alloy Groups 1, 2, and 3 (Austenitic Alloys 303, 303Se, 304, 304L, 305, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 384, XM1, 18–9LW, and
302HQ):
5.1.1 Condition A—When Condition A is specified, the austenitic alloys shall be heated to 1900 6 50°F (1038 6 28°C), at
which time the chromium carbide will go into the solution, be held for a sufficient time, and then be cooled at a rate sufficient to
prevent precipitation of the carbide and to provide the specified properties.
5.1.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the austenitic alloys shall be annealed as specified in 5.1.1 and then cold
worked to develop the specified properties.
5.1.3 Condition AF—When Condition AF is specified, the austenitic alloys shall be annealed as specified in 5.1.1 after all cold
working, including forming and threading.
5.2 Alloy Group 4 (Ferritic Alloys 430 and 430F):
5.2.1 Condition A—The ferritic alloys shall be heated to a temperature of 1450 6 50°F (788 6 28°C), held for an appropriate
time, and then air cooled to provide the specified properties.
5.2.2 Condition CW—When Condition CW is specified, the ferritic alloys shall be annealed in accordance with 5.2.1, generally
by the raw material manufacturer, and then cold worked to develop the specified properties.
5.3 Alloy Group 5 (Martensitic Alloys 410, 416, and 416Se):
5.3.1 Condition H—When Condition H is specified, the martensitic alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and tempered
by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient for austenitization, held for at least ⁄2 h and rapid air- or oil-quenched, then
reheating to 1050°F (565°C) minimum for at least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified properties.
5.3.2 Condition HT—When Condition HT is specified, the martensitic alloys 410, 416, and 416Se shall be hardened and
tempered by heating to 1850 6 50°F (1010 6 28°C) sufficient for austenitization, held for at least ⁄2 h and rapid air- or
oil-quenched, then reheating to 525°F (274°C) minimum for at least 1 h and air cooled to provide the specified properties.
F594 − 09 (2015)
5.4 Alloy Group 6 (Martensitic Alloy 431):
5.4.1 Conditions H and HT—The martensitic alloy 431 shall be hardened and tempered as specified in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 as
applicable.
5.5 Alloy Group 7 (Precipitation Hardening Alloy 630):
5.5.1 Condition AH—The precipitation hardening alloy 630 shall be solution annealed and aged by heating to 1900 6 25°F
(1038 6 14°C) for at least ⁄2 h and rapid air or oil quenched to 80°F (27°C) maximum, then reheating to a temperature of 1150
6 15°F (621 6 8°C) for 4 h and air cooled to provide the specified properties.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Alloy Groups—It is the intent of this specification that fasteners shall be ordered by alloy group numbers that include alloys
considered to be chemically equivalent for general purpose use. The alloy groupings are as shown below. When required, however,
a specific alloy may be specified as permitted by 6.2.2.
Alloy Group Alloys
1 304, 305, 304L
A
384, 18–9LW, 302HQ
2 316, 316L
3 321, 347
B
4 430
C
5 410
6 431
7 630
A
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 303, 303Se, or XM1 may be furnished.
B
When approved by the purchaser, alloy 430F may be furnished.
C
When approved by the purchaser, alloys 416 or 416Se may be furnished.
6.2 Chemical Composition Limits:
6.2.1 Ordering by Alloy Group—Unless otherwise specified on the inquiry and order (see Supplementary Requirement S4), the
choice of an alloy from within a group shall be at the discretion of the fastener manufacturer as required by his method of fastener
fabrication and material availability. The specific alloy used by the fastener manufacturer shall be clearly identified on any
certification required by the order and shall have a chemical composition conforming to the requirements of Table 1 for the specific
alloy.
6.2.2 Ordering by Specific Alloy—When ordered by a specific alloy number, the fasteners shall conform to the chemical
composition limits of Table 1 for the specific alloy.
6.3 Product Analysis:
6.3.1 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished nuts representing each lot. The chemical composition thus
determined shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 for the specific alloy subject to the Product Analysis Tolerance in
Specification A555/A555M.
6.3.2 In the event of discrepancy, a referee chemical analysis of samples from each lot shall be made in accordance with 14.1.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable mechanical properties of Table 2 for the specified alloy group and condition
when tested in accordance with the mechanical property requirements as specified herein (see also Table 3).
8. Corrosion Resistance
8.1 Carbide Precipitation:
8.1.1 Rod, bar, and wire in the austenitic Alloy Groups 1, 2, and 3, except the free-machining grades, 303 and 303Se used to
make fasteners in accordance with this specification, shall be capable of passing the test for susceptibility to intergranular corrosion
as specified in Practice E of Practice A262.
8.1.2 As stated in Practice A262, samples may be subjected to the faster and more severe screening test in accordance with
Practice A. Failing Practice A, specimens may be tested in accordance with Practice E and be considered satisfactory if passing
Practice E.
9. Dimensions
9.1 Nuts:
9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.2 for Hex Nuts.
9.1.2 When specified, the dimensions of nuts shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASME B18.2.2 (type as specified),
or such other dimensions as may be specified.
9.2 Threads (see Table 4)—Unless otherwise specified, the nuts shall have Class 2B threads in accordance with ASME B1.1.
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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
UNS Composition, % maximum except as shown
Alloy
Desig-
Alloy
Manga- Phos- Others
Group
Carbon Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum
nation
nese phorus
Austenitic Alloys
A
1 S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to . . . 0.60 max . . .
19.0 10.0
1 S30323 303Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.060 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to . . . . . . Se 0.15
19.0 10.0 min
1 S30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0 to 8.0 to 1.00 . . . . . .
20.0 10.5
1 S30403 304L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.0 to 8.0 to 1.00 . . . . . .
20.0 12.0
1 S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0 to 10.5 to 1.00 . . . . . .
19.0 13.0
1 S38400 384 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.0 to 17.0 to . . . . . . . . .
17.0 19.0
A
1 S20300 XM1 0.08 5.0 to 6.5 0.040 0.18 to 1.00 16.0 to 5.0 to 1.75 to 0.50 max . . .
0.35 18.0 6.5 2.25
1 S30430 18–9LW 0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to 3.0 to 4.0 . . . . . .
19.0 10.0
1 S30433 302HQ 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0 to 8.0 to 10.0 3.0 to 4.0 . . . . . .
19.0
2 S31603 316L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0 to 10.0 to . . . 2.00–3.00† . . .
18.0 14.0
2 S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.0 to 10.0 to . . . 2.00–3.00 . . .
18.0 14.0
3 S32100 321 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.0 to 9.0 to . . . . . . Ti 5 × C
19.0 12.0 min
3 S34700 347 0.
...
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