ASTM E2359-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Pull Testing of an In-Place Exterior Insulation and Finish System Clad Wall Assembly
Standard Test Method for Field Pull Testing of an In-Place Exterior Insulation and Finish System Clad Wall Assembly
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this test method is to assess the installation adequacy and the overall effects of service-related deterioration (moisture, etc.) on the EIFS wall assembly as opposed to small localized areas of degradation. Resistance to pull testing as determined by this test is used as one of the factors in evaluating the EIFS assembly on a specific project. The values obtained by this test method are not purported to be representative of the actual wind load capacity or other structural properties of a specific EIFS clad wall installation, but may be helpful in assessing such load capacities.
Since this test is used for field evaluation of existing facilities, load results obtained from this test must be interpreted based on sound engineering practice, applicable building regulations, and codes having jurisdiction. It is the discretion of the test specifier to directly utilize the results derived by this test method, or else to utilize the test results with an appropriate factor of safety to obtain acceptable working loads for each project.
This method is intended for use on test specimens occurring or installed on existing buildings. The loss of outward wind load resistance of an EIFS wall assembly after exposure to moisture and other weather conditions may compromise the ability of the cladding or other wall components to perform adequately in place. This test method does not provide any means by which the test results may be generalized to the larger wall area. Such efforts should be based on experience and engineering judgement.
The manner in which the test load is applied may affect the load capacity obtained from using this standard. A discussion of various load application techniques and their effects is given in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of a section of the exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) to outward loads imposed on an existing exterior wall assembly that has been in place on the building for an unspecified period of time. It is destructive in nature within the localized areas tested and requires appropriate repair of the EIFS cladding and sheathing once the test procedure has been completed. This test procedure utilizes mechanical methods to obtain information, which may be helpful in evaluating the natural application of negative wind loads on the EIFS assembly. Some variability of results should be anticipated within the wall assembly tested due to differences in installation procedures, exposure, or abuse subsequent to application.
1.2 This test method is suitable for use on cladding assemblies that have been in place a short time (new construction), as well as for longer periods in order to evaluate detrimental effects on the EIFS lamina, insulation attachment, substrate integrity, and attachments after exposure to weather and other environmental conditions. It is not intended to evaluate the performance of structural framing. Test results on any particular building may be highly variable depending on specimen location and condition, and are subject to interpretation by the test specifier.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1
Due to variations in exposure and construction assemblies, field specimens selected for testing utilizing this test method may experience sudden failure and release of the imposed loads. See Note 7 for further information.
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Designation: E2359 − 06
StandardTest Method for
Field Pull Testing of an In-Place Exterior Insulation and
Finish System Clad Wall Assembly
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
experiencesuddenfailureandreleaseoftheimposedloads.SeeNote7for
1. Scope
further information.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the
resistance of a section of the exterior insulation and finish
2. Referenced Documents
system (EIFS) to outward loads imposed on an existing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exterior wall assembly that has been in place on the building
D3665Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
for an unspecified period of time. It is destructive in nature
terials
withinthelocalizedareastestedandrequiresappropriaterepair
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
oftheEIFScladdingandsheathingoncethetestprocedurehas
E2110Terminology for Exterior Insulation and Finish Sys-
been completed. This test procedure utilizes mechanical meth-
tems (EIFS)
ods to obtain information, which may be helpful in evaluating
E2128Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building
the natural application of negative wind loads on the EIFS
Walls
assembly. Some variability of results should be anticipated
within the wall assembly tested due to differences in installa-
2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):
tion procedures, exposure, or abuse subsequent to application.
SEI/ASCE 7-05,Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures
1.2 This test method is suitable for use on cladding assem-
bliesthathavebeeninplaceashorttime(newconstruction),as
3. Terminology
well as for longer periods in order to evaluate detrimental
effects on the EIFS lamina, insulation attachment, substrate
3.1 Definitions used in this standard shall be in accordance
integrity, and attachments after exposure to weather and other
with E631 and E2110.
environmental conditions. It is not intended to evaluate the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
performance of structural framing. Test results on any particu-
3.2.1 face delamination, n—failure mode by which the face
lar building may be highly variable depending on specimen
of the sheathing loses bond or delaminates from the sheathing
location and condition, and are subject to interpretation by the
core, either partially or fully.
test specifier.
3.2.2 fastener pull-out from stud, n—failure mode by which
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fastener releases from the substrate.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 3.2.3 fastener pull-through, n—failure mode by which the
head of the fastener pulls through the sheathing, insulation, or
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
substrate
operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is 3.2.4 lamina release, n—failure mode by which the EIFS
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish base coat and finish coat release their bond to the underlying
appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the thermal insulation board layer.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.5 thermal insulation board failure, n— cohesive failure
within the thermal insulation board.
NOTE 1—Due to variations in exposure and construction assemblies,
field specimens selected for testing utilizing this test method may
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.58 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS). the ASTM website.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
E2359-06. Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2359 − 06
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to assess the instal-
lation adequacy and the overall effects of service-related
E2359 − 06
deterioration (moisture, etc.) on the EIFS wall assembly as together using twelve (12) 5.5 mm (#12 or 0.215 in.) diameter
opposed to small localized areas of degradation. Resistance to by 38 mm (1- ⁄2 in.) long wood screws or lag bolts installed in
pull testing as determined by this test is used as one of the a prescribed pattern. See Figs. 2-5.Adhere one 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
factors in evaluating the EIFS assembly on a specific project. thick bonding panel to the surface of the EIFS in place at each
Thevaluesobtainedbythistestmethodarenotpurportedtobe specimen location. For testing purposes, temporarily fasten the
representative of the actual wind load capacity or other bolting panel at each adhered bonding plate in succession with
structural properties of a specific EIFS clad wall installation, appropriate hardware, immediately prior to testing.
but may be helpful in assessing such load capacities.
NOTE 2—Screw hole locations for both the bonding panels and the
bolting panel must align for proper attachment; use bolting panel as a
4.2 Since this test is used for field evaluation of existing
drilling template to achieve consistent screw locations and alignment on
facilities, load results obtained from this test must be inter-
all bonding panels.
preted based on sound engineering practice, applicable build-
5.5 Miscellaneous bolts and connection hardware.
ing regulations, and codes having jurisdiction. It is the discre-
tionofthetestspecifiertodirectlyutilizetheresultsderivedby
6. Test Specimen
this test method, or else to utilize the test results with an
appropriate factor of safety to obtain acceptable working loads
6.1 Sampling locations and number of specimens shall be
for each project.
specified by the user. Primarily, this test method is intended to
implement qualitative evaluation techniques that lead to an
4.3 This method is intended for use on test specimens
accumulationofinformationinanorderlyandefficientmanner
occurring or installed on existing buildings. The loss of
inaccordancewithproceduresprescribedwithinGuideE2128.
outward wind load resistance of an EIFS wall assembly after
If a hybrid method using a combination of qualitative and
exposure to moisture and other weather conditions may com-
quantitative evaluation techniques is desired by the test
promisetheabilityofthecladdingorotherwallcomponentsto
specifier, then a random number generator method may be
performadequatelyinplace.Thistestmethoddoesnotprovide
utilized to establish locations of test specimens required to
any means by which the test results may be generalized to the
representtheentirebuildingpopulation.Includeadditionaltest
larger wall area. Such efforts should be based on experience
specimensatlocationsofsuspectedorpotentialproblems,such
and engineering judgement.
as below window corners, at wall base, and so forth.
4.4 The manner in which the test load is applied may affect
NOTE 3—For the hybrid method using a combination of qualitative and
the load capacity obtained from using this standard. A discus-
quantitative evaluation techniques, a selection method based on Practice
sion of various load application techniques and their effects is
D3665 may be utilized for this purpose.
given in Appendix X1.
6.2 Locate metal studs within wall system (or else fastener
heads at wood-framed system) using rebar locator or metal
5. Apparatus
detector, and determine elevation or height of the specimen.
5.1 Electronic rebar locator or metal detector sensitive
6.3 For stud spacing less than 610 mm (24 in. on center),
enough to locate metal studs or fasteners of the underlying
mark610mmby610mm(24in×24in.)outlineonthesurface
structural framing through the EIFS assembly.
of EIFS that is centered over two adjacent studs. For stud
5.2 Pull test frame fabricated from metal or wood, as
spacing 610 mm (24 in.) and greater, mark an outline on the
required, with capability of applying a concentric pull force to
EIFS surface that is 610 mm (24 in.) high and with a width
thetestmoduleanddistributingreactionforceonadjacentwall
equal to the stud spacing plus 75 mm (3 in.), which is centered
components. Pull test frame shall be provided, as a minimum,
over two adjacent studs. If foam fasteners are present or
withaworm-gearwinchandanylonstraporwireropecapable
suspectedwithintheEIFScladwallassembly,locatetheheads
of applying load to test module in controlled manner with
of foam fasteners using a rebar locator, then arrange bonding
incrementally increasing load intensities.Alternative means of
panel in manner that evenly distributes the load across the test
applying a consistent load using electro-servo motors or
specimen and mark the outline on the EIFS surface. At each
hydraulic units are also acceptable, provided they are capable
outline marked on the wall, carefully cut through the EIFS
ofapplyingconsistent,uniformload.Itisintendedthatthepull
lamina, thermal insulation board, and sheathing substrate,
testframebeeasilytransportableandrelocatedsothatitcanbe
being careful to avoid excessive vibration during specimen
readily used on saw-horses, scaffolding, or a swing-stage. An
preparation that may adversely affect test results. Efforts
example of an acceptable test frame is shown in Fig. 1.
should also be made to avoid cutting or damaging the wall
studs.
5.3 Electronic load cell with digital force gage having a
capacity of at least 4450 N, (1000 lbf.), and an accuracy of
NOTE 4—For EIFS cladding applied directly to a masonry substrate,
62%.
1 1
sawbladedepthshouldbesettoextend3mm( ⁄8in.)to6mm( ⁄4in.)into
the masonry.
5.4 610 mm by 610 mm (24 in. by 24 in.) wooden pull test
3 3
modules comprised of 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick plywood bonding 6.4 Adhere one 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick, 610 mm (24 in.)
panels(oneforeachspecimenintendedfortesting),andone19 square plywood bonding panel to the previously cut EIFS
mm( ⁄4in.)thickplywoodboltingpanel,whichismovedfrom surface (centered) at designated test location using polyester
specimen-to-specimen. As each specimen is prepared for adhesive, adhesive expanding foam, or quick-reaction epoxy
testing the bonding panels and bolting panels shall be fastened cement;temporarilysupporttestmoduleinplaceonthewallas
E2359 − 06
FIG. 1 Pull Test Frame
E2359 − 06
FIG. 4 Plywood Assembly
FIG. 2 Bonding panel
FIG. 5 Detail of Bonding and Bolting Panel with Bolt in Center
Hole
FIG. 3 Bolting Panel
required. Allow an adequate time for curing of the adhesive tionofthebuilding,orelseotherwisedetermineanappropriate
cladding DWP for comparative purposes using local building
considering effect of temperature on cure time of adhesive.
codes or SEI/ASCE 7-05 analytical procedures. Establish
NOTE 5—Suggested adhesives are (1) Sintolit Transparent Solid
initial load at approximately ten percent (10%) of cladding
polyester, two-component, knife grade, adhesive, (2) Samco Great Stuff
design wind pressure.
adhesive, and (3) Flexible Products Insta-Stik Adhesive. Alternative
adhesivesmaybeusedthatarenotdetrimentaltothelaminaorunderlying
7.2 Align the bolting panel, with appropriate pull hardware
foam insulation system.
inserted through center hole, onto the previously adhered
bonding panel and securely fasten bolting panel to bonding
7. Procedure
panel with prescribed screws or lag bolts.
7.1 Obtain information regarding the cladding assembly
design wind pressure (DWP) utilized during original construc- NOTE 6—If required, replace previously used screws with fresh ones as
Phillips head slots become worn or damaged.
7.3 Placebearingplatesofpulltestframeonwallandcenter
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
over previously adhered bonding panel with bolting panel
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. attached. Fasten wire rope attachment hardware to the test
E2359 − 06
avoid damage to the unit.Adecision should be made by the test specifier
module hardware, with load cell mounted in-line with pull
whether to retain the specimen on the wall and repair accordingly, or else
force mechanism in a manner that will measure force loads.
to continue the test to destruction (without load measurement) and repair
See Fig. 6.
the entire opening thus created.
NOTE 7—Use saw-horse, scaffolding deck, or swing-stage rails to
7.6 After completion of pull testing, examine test specimen
temporarily support pull test frame until sufficient load is achieved to
and opening, and document or record location and spacing of
make test frame self-supporting. Be prepared to re-establish temporary
studs within opening, as well as spacing of adjacent studs on
support at end of test, or in case of sudden failure of test specimen.
both sides of the opening. Also record and document location
7.4 Apply previously determined initial load to test module
and spacing of sheathing fasteners, sheathing joints, and
as required to hold pull test frame in place and hold for one
thermal insulation board joints. Test administrator should
minute. Record load from force gage at beginning of load step
document or record failure mode, whether fastener pull-
and at end of load step, prior to going to next load.
through, face delamination, lamina release, thermal insulation
7.5 Continue test by applying increasingly higher stepped
board debonding, or combination of one or more mode types.
loadings corresponding to approximately 10% of the final
Finally,determinewhetherfoamorsheathingexhibitsmoisture
design wind pressure until the wall assembly fails. Stepped
absorptionattimeoftestingusingaprobe-typemoisturemeter.
loading increments shall be held for one minute, and loads
7.7 Removescrewsattachingboltingpaneltobondingpanel
from force gage recorded at beginning of load step and at end
of previous specimen. Continue testing by moving bolting
of load step immediately prior
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