ASTM A340-19

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2019
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-18 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Replaced By: ASTM A340-19a - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A772/A772M-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1013-00(2020) - Standard Test Method for High-Frequency (10 kHz-1 MHz) Core Loss of Soft Magnetic Core Components at Controlled Temperatures Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Method
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM B886-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnetic Saturation (Ms) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A838-18 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A971/A971M-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Edge Taper and Crown of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steel Coils
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A726-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A664-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1101-16 - Standard Specification for Sintered and Fully Dense Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1054-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Sintered Ferrite Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A811-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic Iron Parts Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A801-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Iron-Cobalt High Magnetic Saturation Alloys (UNS R30005 and K92650)
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −19
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A340 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/A0340-19.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
α cross-sectional area of B coil E exciting voltage
A cross-sectional area of specimen E induced primary voltage
1
A' solid area E induced secondary voltage
2
B E flux volts
f
magnetic flux density
f cyclic frequency in hertz
H
magnetic induction
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
∆B excursion range of induction H magnetic field strength
∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction H biasing magnetic field strength
d b
B remanence H coercive field strength
dm cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
B H energy product
d d cJ
(BH) maximum energy product H demagnetizing field strength
d
max
H incremental magnetic field strength
B incremental induction
∆ ∆
B intrinsic flux density H air gap magnetic field strength
g
i
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m L
B maximum induction in a flux current loop peak value of magnetizing current)
max
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B residual induction
r m
B retentivity esis loop
rs
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
B saturation flux density
max
s
current loop
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340−19
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci- 5 reluctance
t
dent with B ) R core resistance
max 1
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed R winding resistance
z w
peak value of exciting current) S lamination factor (stacking factor)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
I ac core loss current (rms value) T Curie temperature
c
c
I constant current w lamination width
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value) W hysteresis loop loss
m h
J magnetic polarization linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
J saturation magnetic polarization
∆χ incremental tolerance
s
k' coupling coefficient
β hysteretic angle
! flux path length
γ loss angle
! effective flux path length
1 cos γ magnetic power factor
! gap length
g γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
p
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
µ magnetic constant
0
+ mutual flux linkage
m δ density
L self inductance
κ susceptibility
L core inductance
1 ac Permeabilities:
L incremental inductance
µ ideal permeability
∆
a
L intrinsic inductance
i µ inductance permeability
L
L mutual inductance
m µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
L initial inductance
0 µ initial dynamic permeability
0d
L series inductance
s µ peak permeability
p
L winding inductance
µ incremental peak permeability
w
∆p
m magnetic moment
µ instantaneous permeability
i
M magnetization
µ impedance permeability
z
M saturation magnetization
s µ incremental impedance permeability
∆z
m total mass of a specimen
dc Pe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 18 A340 − 19
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
α cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction
d
B remanence
dm
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual induction
r
B retentivity
rs
B saturation induction
s
B saturation flux density
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Feb. 15, 2019. Published July 2018March 2019. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
A340 – 17a.A340 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-18.10.1520/A0340-19.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 19
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
J saturation magnetic polarization
s
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
M saturation magnetization
s
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
D
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific apparent power
a (B;f)
P total core loss
c
P specific core loss
c (B;f)
P incremental core loss
cΔ
P norma
...