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ASTM E2918-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers

Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular thermomechanical analyzer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to determine and validate the performance of a particular method based upon thermomechanical analyzer temperature or length change measurements.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a particular apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
5.4 This test method may be used for specification and regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating temperature and length change measurements of thermomechanical analyzers (TMA) and analytical methods based upon the measurement of temperature and length change. Performance parameters include temperature repeatability, linearity and bias; and dimension change repeatability, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is a necessary requirement for quality initiatives. Results may also be used for legal purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2013
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2918-18 - Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM E473-23a - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013

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ASTM E2918-13 - Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical AnalyzersASTM E2918-13 - Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers
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ASTM E2918-13 - Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2918 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2918; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating 3.1 Technical terms used in this test method are defined in
temperature and length change measurements of thermome-
Terminologies E473, E1142, and E2161, including terms
chanical analyzers (TMA) and analytical methods based upon
analyte, bow, Celsius, coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion,
the measurement of temperature and length change. Perfor-
detection limit, linearity, quantification limit, relative standard
mance parameters include temperature repeatability, linearity
deviation, repeatability, standard deviation,
and bias; and dimension change repeatability, detection limit,
thermodilatometry, thermomechanical analysis, and valida-
quantitation limit, linearity and bias.
tion.
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical
4. Summary of Test Method
methods is a necessary requirement for quality initiatives.
Results may also be used for legal purposes.
4.1 Temperature and time are the primary independent
parameters and length change is the primary dependent experi-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mental parameters provided by thermomechanical analysis.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.2 Temperature,ameasuredvalue,isvalidatedbyperform-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the ing a measurement of the penetration in sharply melting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the materials at three (or more) different known melting tempera-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tures.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 Length change, a measured value, is validated by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
performing a measurement of the linear thermal expansion for
three (or more) test materials.
2. Referenced Documents
4.4 Validation of a thermomechanical test method based
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
upon length change may be performed using the test specimen
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
as the analyte.
ology
4.5 The length change of three (or more) specimens (nomi-
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo- nally representing the maximum, midpoint and minimum of
the range of the test method) are measured in triplicate (or
mechanical Analyzers
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical more). A fourth blank specimen, containing no analyte, is
measured in triplicate (or more).
Data
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
NOTE1—Repeatabilityisdeterminedbyperformingasufficientnumber
momechanical Analyzers
of determinations to calculate valid estimates of the standard deviation or
E2161 Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in
relative standard deviation of the measurement.
Thermal Analysis
4.5.1 Temperature and length change measurement linearity
and bias are determined from the linear regression correlation
of the results from measurements of the three (or more)
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
specimens.
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
4.5.2 Length change detection limit and quantitation limit
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
are determined from the standard deviation of the blank
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published May 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
E2918-13.
determination with no analyte present.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.5.3 Temperature and length change repeatability are de-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
termined from the repeatability measurements of three (or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. more) specimens.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2918 − 13
4.5.4 Length change validation is independent of the tem- 6.1.8 A means of sustaining an environment around the
perature validation. The respective validations need not in- specimen of a dry, inert gas at a purge rate of 10 to 50 mL/min
volve consistent ranges. 6 5 mL/min.
NOTE 5—
...

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5.1 Thermomechanical analyzers are employed in their various modes of operation (penetration, expansion, flexure, etc.) to characterize a wide range of materials. In most cases, the value to be assigned in thermomechanical measurements is the temperature of the transition (or event) under study. Therefore, the temperature axis (abscissa) of all TMA thermal curves must be accurately calibrated either by direct reading of a temperature sensor or by adjusting the programmer temperature to match the actual temperature over the temperature range of interest.
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5.1 Most thermal analysis experiments are carried out under increasing temperature conditions where temperature is the independent parameter. Some experiments, however, are carried out under isothermal temperature conditions where the elapsed time to an event is measured as the independent parameter. Isothermal Kinetics (Test Methods E2070), Thermal Stability (Test Method E487), Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) (Test Methods D3895, D4565, D5483, E1858, and Specification D3350) and Loss-on-Drying (Test Methods E1868) are common examples of these kinds of experiments.  
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Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests

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4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the measurements described here, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7 Approximately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1 kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to a prescribed external heating source.  
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1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate, and use full scale oxygen consumption calorimeters to help minimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.  
1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a number of ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized test methods, and for research purposes. This practice will facilitate coordination of generic requirements, which are not specific to the item under test.  
1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtained from the test methods using this technique are those associated with heat release from the specimens tested, as a function of time. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are determined.  
1.4 This practice is intended to apply to the conduction of different types of tests, including both some in which the objective is to assess the comparative fire performance of products releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some in which the objective is to assess whether flashover will occur.  
1.5 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test method for any material or product.  
1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of the Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-response standards. In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitative measures.  
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5.1 This standard provides a description of test methods used in other ASTM specifications to establish certain acceptable methods for characterizing thermocouple assemblies and thermocouple cable. These test methods define how those characteristics shall be determined.  
5.2 The usefulness and purpose of the included tests are given for the category of tests.  
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1.1 This document lists methods for testing Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed (MIMS) thermocouple assemblies and thermocouple cable, but does not require that any of these tests be performed nor does it state criteria for acceptance. The acceptance criteria are given in other ASTM standard specifications that impose this testing for those thermocouples and cable. Examples from ASTM thermocouple specifications for acceptance criteria are given for many of the tests. These tabulated values are not necessarily those that would be required to meet these tests, but are included as examples only.  
1.2 These tests are intended to support quality control and to evaluate the suitability of sheathed thermocouple cable or assemblies for specific applications. Some alternative test methods to obtain the same information are given, since in a given situation, an alternative test method may be more practical. Service conditions are widely variable, so it is unlikely that all the tests described will be appropriate for a given thermocouple application. A brief statement is made following each test description to indicate when it might be used.  
1.3 The tests described herein include test methods to measure the following properties of sheathed thermocouple material and assemblies.  
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1.3.1.1 Compaction—direct method, absorption method, and tension method.
1.3.1.2 Thickness.
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1.3.3.1 Calibration.
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1.3.3.5 Thermoelement spacing.
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