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ASTM E1433-95

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Standards on Environmental Acoustics

Standard Guide for Selection of Standards on Environmental Acoustics

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist acoustical consultants, architects, specifiers, and others in understanding ASTM standards in environmental acoustics, so that building specifications and other documents can accurately refer to relevant standards. The full standards are found in alphanumeric order in Volume 04.06 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards .  
1.2 The scope of Committee E-33 is: "The development of standards on the characteristics and performance of materials, products, systems, and services relating to the acoustical environment and the promotion of related knowledge." Only standards under the jurisdiction of Committee E-33 are included in this guide. Additional standards related to environmental acoustics may be found under the jurisdiction of other ASTM committees.  
1.3 None of the discussions herein is sufficiently detailed to substitute for reading the full standard. Only a careful reading of a standard will provide a complete understanding of its function. This guide is specifically NOT to be used as a direct reference in building specifications. Only the original standard gives sufficient information to serve as a specification reference.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.04 - Application of Acoustical Materials and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1433-04 - Standard Guide for Selection of Standards on Environmental Acoustics (Withdrawn 2010)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004

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ASTM E1433-95 - Standard Guide for Selection of Standards on Environmental Acoustics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1433 – 95
Standard Guide for
Selection of Standards on Environmental Acoustics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 636 Practice for Installation of Metal Ceiling Suspension
Systems for Acoustical Tile and Lay-In Panels
1.1 This guide is intended to assist acoustical consultants,
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
architects, specifiers, and others in understanding ASTM stan-
Building Materials
dards in environmental acoustics, so that building specifica-
E 90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of
tions and other documents can accurately refer to relevant
Airborne-Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
standards. The full standards are found in alphanumeric order
E 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
in Volume 04.06 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
Insulation in Buildings
1.2 The scope of Committee E-33 is: “The development of
E 413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
standards on the characteristics and performance of materials,
E 477 Test Method for Measuring Acoustical and Airflow
products, systems, and services relating to the acoustical
Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated
environment and the promotion of related knowledge.” Only
Silencers
standards under the jurisdiction of Committee E-33 are in-
E 492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact
cluded in this guide. Additional standards related to environ-
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
mental acoustics may be found under the jurisdiction of other
Using the Tapping Machine
ASTM committees.
E 497 Practice for Installing Sound-Isolating Lightweight
1.3 None of the discussions herein is sufficiently detailed to
Partitions
substitute for reading the full standard. Only a careful reading
E 557 Practice for Architectural Application and Installation
of a standard will provide a complete understanding of its
of Operable Partitions
function. This guide is specifically NOT to be used as a direct
E 580 Practice for Application of Ceiling Suspension Sys-
reference in building specifications. Only the original standard
tems for Acoustical Tile and Lay-In Panels in Areas
gives sufficient information to serve as a specification refer-
Requiring Seismic Restraint
ence.
E 596 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the
2. Referenced Documents
Noise Reduction of Sound-Isolating Enclosures
E 597 Practice for Determining a Single-Number Rating of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Airborne Sound Isolation for Use in Multi-Unit Building
C 367 Test Methods for Strength Properties of Prefabricated
Specifications
Architectural Acoustical Tile or Lay-In Ceiling Panels
E 717 Guide for Preparation of the Accreditation Annex of
C 384 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of
Acoustical Test Standards
Acoustical Materials by the Impedance Tube Method
E 756 Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Prop-
C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-
erties of Materials
sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
E 795 Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During
C 522 Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical
Sound Absorption Tests
Materials
E 859 Test Method for Air Erosion of Sprayed Fire-
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
Resistive Materials Applied to Structural Members
C 635 Specification for Manufacture, Performance, and
E 966 Guide for Field Measurement of Airborne Sound
Testing of Metal Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile
Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
and Lay-in Panel Ceilings
E 989 Classification for Determination of Impact Isolation
Class (IIC)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-33 on Environ-
mental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.04 on
Application of Acoustical Materials and Systems.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally
published as E 1433 – 91. Last previous edition E 1433 – 91.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1433
E 1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping 4. Significance and Use
Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-
4.1 Each current standard under the jurisdiction of Commit-
Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
tee E-33 on Environmental Acoustics is listed, divided into
E 1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted
sections under the jurisdiction of the various subcommittees as
Sound Levels
follows:
E 1041 Guide for Measurement of Masking Sound in Open
E33.01 on Sound Absorption
Offices E33.02 on Open Plan Spaces
E33.03 on Sound Transmission
E 1042 Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials
E33.04 on Application
Applied by Trowel or Spray
E33.05 on Research
E 1050 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of
E33.06 on International Standards
E33.07 on Definitions and Editorial
Acoustical Materials Using a Tube, Two Microphones, and
E33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
a Digital Frequency Analysis System
E33.09 on Community Noise
E 1110 Classification for Determination of Articulation
4.2 The ASTM designation, title, use, result or purpose, and
Class
a brief summary of each standard is provided. These give
E 1111 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenua-
enough explanation about the standard to permit one to
tion of Ceiling Systems
understand its application, and to differentiate one standard
E 1123 Practice for Mounting Test Specimens for Sound
from another.
Transmission Loss Testing of Naval and Marine Ship
Bulkhead Treatment Materials
NOTE 1—The sequence of these standards does not indicate their
relative importance. The user is encouraged to carefully assess the
E 1124 Test Method for Field Measurement of Sound
applicability of standards to a situation and select the documents most
Power Level by the Two-Surface Method
suited to the circumstances. Comments given may assist in selecting the
E 1130 Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech
standard best suited to a specific need.
Privacy in Open Offices Using Articulation Index
E 1179 Specification for Sound Sources Used for Testing
DESCRIPTION OF STANDARDS
Open Office Components and Systems
E 1222 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the
5. Sound Absorption
Insertion Loss of Pipe Lagging Systems
5.1 Sound absorption is the dissipation of sound energy,
E 1264 Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
typically within a room or space. The scope of Subcommittee
E 1265 Test Method for Measuring Insertion Loss of Pneu-
E33.01 on Sound Absorption is: “the development of test
matic Exhaust Silencers
methods and specifications for the sound absorption and other
E 1289 Specification for Reference Specimen for Sound
physical properties of materials, products, and systems as
Transmission Loss
designed or used for the absorption of airborne sound.”
E 1332 Classification for Determination of Outdoor-Indoor
5.1.1 Test Method C 384—Test Method for Impedance and
Transmission Class
Absorption of Acoustical Materials by the Impedance Tube
E 1374 Guide for Open Office Acoustics and Applicable
Method:
ASTM Standards
5.1.1.1 Use—Intended primarily as a research screening
E 1375 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenua-
tool, useful for manufacturers and/or researchers in evaluating
tion of Furniture Panels Used as Acoustical Barriers
the absorption of materials. It is also valuable for evaluating
E 1376 Test Method for Measuring the Interzone Attenua-
small units, such as anechoic wedges. It can be used to rank
tion of Sound Reflected by Wall Finishes and Furniture
order the absorption and impedance characteristics of materi-
Panels
als.
E 1408 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the
5.1.1.2 Result—Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coef-
Sound Transmission Loss of Door Panels and Door Sys-
ficients, Normal Specific Impedance Ratios.
tems
5.1.1.3 Discussion—A sound wave traveling down a tube is
E 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-
reflected back by the test specimen, producing a standing wave
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
that can be explored with a probe microphone. The normal
E 1503 Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Mea-
absorption coefficient is determined from the standing wave
surements Using a Digital Statistical Analysis System
ratio. In addition, an impedance ratio at any one frequency can
E 1573 Test Method for Evaluating Masking Sound in Open
be determined using the position of the standing wave with
Offices Using A-Weighted and One-Third Octave Band
reference to the face of the specimen (see also Test Method
Sound Pressure Levels
E 1050). Values do not necessarily correlate with those of Test
E 1574 Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residen-
Method C 423.
tial Spaces
5.1.2 Test Method C 423—Test Method for Sound Absorp-
tion and Sound Absorption Coeffıcients by the Reverberation
3. Terminology
Room Method:
3.1 Definitions: 5.1.2.1 Use—Primary method for evaluating sound absorp-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms pertaining to acoustics used in tion capabilities of building materials and systems. One can use
this guide, see Terminology C 634. the sound absorption coefficients and volume of a room, or
E 1433
Sabins per unit, to determine how much material is needed to 5.1.5.1 Use—This is not just an alternative to Test Method
limit room reverberation or reduce noise to a desired level, or C 384 using digital instruments. It is a completely different
both. method, but is used to find a value for the same property. Test
5.1.2.2 Result—Sound Absorption Coefficients, Noise Re- Method C 384 can also use digital instruments.
duction Coefficient (NRC), Absorption figures in Sabins, 5.1.5.2 Result—Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coef-
Sabins/Unit. ficients, Normal Specific Acoustic Impedance Ratios.
5.1.2.3 Discussion—Random noise is turned on long 5.1.5.3 Discussion—A broadband noise is produced on one
enough for the sound pressure in a reverberant room to reach end of a tube, the other end of which contains a test specimen.
a steady state. When the signal is turned off, the sound pressure The plane wave produced is detected by two microphones
level decreases. The rate of decrease (decay) in a specified located at different positions along the tube. A digital frequency
frequency band is measured. The absorption of the room and its analyzer measures the output from the two microphones.
contents is calculated both before and after placing the speci- Results match Test Method C 384.
men in the room. The increase in absorption due to the
6. Open Plan Spaces
specimen, divided by the area of the specimen is the absorption
6.1 Open Plan spaces represents a specialized area of
coefficient. Noise Reduction Coefficient is the average of the
environmental acoustics in which sound absorption, surface
four absorption coefficients of the third-octave bands centered
reflections, and transmission loss all play important roles. The
on 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, rounded to the nearest 0.05.
scope of Subcommittee E33.02 is “development of test meth-
NRC is a single number rating and is convenient for ranking
ods and practices relating to materials, products, and systems
building materials and systems. However, in some critical
used for the control of acoustics in open plan spaces, such as
applications, study of all available frequency data is advised to
offices, schools, etc.”
determine suitability.
6.1.1 Guide E 1041—Guide for Measurement of Masking
5.1.3 Test Method C 522—Test Method for Airflow Resis-
Sound in Open Offıces:
tance of Acoustical Materials:
6.1.1.1 Use—Measures variation of masking sound over
5.1.3.1 Use—Indicates sound absorbing properties in some
time and throughout a space, and its correlation to a specified
materials where airflow resistance is related to sound absorp-
sound spectrum. Can be used as an acceptance or problem-
tion.
solving tool by specifiers.
5.1.3.2 Result—Airflow resistance (R), Specific Airflow
6.1.1.2 Result—Spatial and temporal uniformity.
resistance (r), Airflow resistivity (r ).
6.1.1.3 Summary—This guide describes the measurement of
5.1.3.3 Discussion—The specific airflow resistance of an
masking sound in an open office environment. The masking
acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its
sound will usually be associated with a masking system.
sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. The spe-
However, in certain positions and frequency ranges, HVAC
cific air flow resistance is given by the formula R = P/U, where
equipment may affect or determine the masking sound spec-
P = air pressure difference across the specimen, U = volume
trum. While intended primarily for open offices, this guide has
velocity of airflow through it. The specific airflow resistance
been effectively used in closed, or mixed open and closed,
measured by this method may differ from the specific resis-
offices.
tance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method
6.1.2 Classification E 1110—Classification for Determina-
C 384.
tion of Articulation Class:
NOTE 2—Caution: Materials exist that do not allow any airflow yet
6.1.2.1 Use—Provides a single figure rating that can be used
exhibit excellent sound absorption.
for comparing building systems for speech privacy. The rating
5.1.4 Practices E 795—Practices for Mounting Test Speci-
is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence
mens During Sound Absorption Tests: between office spaces.
5.1.4.1 Use—Reference to specific mounting methods helps
6.1.2.2 Result—Articulation Class (AC).
laboratory operators simulate expected field applications. It 6.1.2.3 Summary—Weighting factors are applied to the
also helps specifiers by allowing comparison of materials
one-third octave band attenuation data determined in Test
tested in similar mountings. Methods E 1111, E 1375, E 1376, and others of the series. The
5.1.4.2 Result—A letter designation describing the method weighted data are then totaled and rounded to the nearest
of mounting a Test Method C 423 test specimen. multiple of ten to yield the Articulation Class (AC). A single
5.1.4.3 Discussion—These practices cover test specimen number rating is convenient for ranking build
...

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ASTM E90-23(Test Method)
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5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in Terminology C634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuse incident sound field, and this is the test condition approached by this laboratory test method. The test results are therefore most directly relevant to the performance of similar specimens exposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a useful general measure of performance for the variety of sound fields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.  
5.2 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds—flanking sound transmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using this test method do not relate directly to sound isolation in buildings; they represent an upper limit to what would be measured in a field test.  
5.3 This test method is not intended for field tests. Field tests shall be performed according to Test Method E336.
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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing elements.  
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1.3 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A4.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The material loss factor and modulus of damping materials are useful in designing measures to control vibration in structures and the sound that is radiated by those structures, especially at resonance. This test method determines the properties of a damping material by indirect measurement using damped cantilever beam theory. By applying beam theory, the resultant damping material properties are made independent of the geometry of the test specimen used to obtain them. These damping material properties can then be used with mathematical models to design damping systems and predict their performance prior to hardware fabrication. These models include simple beam and plate analogies as well as finite element analysis models.  
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5.3 Assumptions:  
5.3.1 All damping measurements are made in the linear range, that is, the damping materials behave in accordance with linear viscoelastic theory. If the applied force excites the beam beyond the linear region, the data analysis will not be applicable. For linear beam behavior, the peak displacement from rest for a composite beam should be less than the thickness of the base beam (See X2.3).  
5.3.2 The amplitude of the force signal applied to the excitation transducer is maintained constant with frequency. If the force amplitude cannot be kept constant, then the response of the beam must be divided by the force amplitude. The ratio of response to force (referred to as the compliance or receptance) presented as a function of frequency must then be used for evaluating the damping.  
5.3.3 Data reduct...
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ASTM C423-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurement of the sound absorption of a room is part of the procedure for other acoustical measurements, such as determining the sound power level of a noise source or the sound transmission loss of a partition. It is also used in certain calculations such as predicting the sound pressure level in a room when the sound power level of a noise source in the room is known.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room by measuring decay rate. Procedures for measuring the absorption of a room, the absorption of an object, such as an office screen, and the sound absorption coefficients of a specimen of sound absorptive material, such as acoustical ceiling tile, are described.  
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1.3 This test method includes information on laboratory accreditation (see Annex A1), asymmetrical screens (see Annex A2), and reverberation room qualification (see Annex A3).  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings

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5.1 The main part of this standard uses procedures originally developed for laboratory measurements of the sound transmission loss of partitions. These procedures assume that the rooms in which the measurements are performed have a sound field that reasonably approximates a diffuse field. Sound pressure levels in such rooms are reasonably uniform throughout the room and average levels vary inversely with the logarithm of the room sound absorption. Not all rooms will satisfy these conditions. Experience and controlled studies (1)6 have shown that the test method is applicable to smaller spaces normally used for work or living, such as rooms in multi-family dwellings, hotel guest rooms, meeting rooms, and offices with volumes less than 150 m3. The measures appropriate for such spaces are NR, NNR, and ATL. The corresponding single number ratings are NIC, NNIC and ASTC. The ATL and ASTC are measurable between larger spaces that meet a limitation on absorption in the spaces to provide uniform sound distribution.  
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ASTM E795-23(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sound absorption of a material that covers a flat surface depends not only on the physical properties of the material but also on the way in which the material is mounted over the surface. The mountings specified in these practices are intended to simulate in the laboratory conditions that exist in normal use.  
4.2 Some of the specified mountings require special fixtures or minor deviations from normal practice. These fixtures or deviations are to be used only during laboratory tests and should not be specified for practical installations. They are noted in the specifications for the mountings in question by the phrase “for laboratory testing only.”  
4.3 Test reports may refer to these mountings by type designation instead of providing a detailed description of the mounting used.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1574-98(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:  
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in terms of the quantities measured in this test method.  
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable. These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal distribution.
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1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.  
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish washers. The measured values may then be used to assess compliance, design, or habitation suitability.  
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend acoustical criteria.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to evaluate indoor environments for:  
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and  
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire, etc.  
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other acoustical aspects of the space or structure.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C384-04(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by Impedance Tube Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C634-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of the building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and is not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, the general concept the term describes.  
3.2.4 If a standard under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 specially defines a term, i.e. provides a definition different in any way from what is given in Section 4 of Terminology C634, that standard shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The mandatory language of section 3.2.4 is consistent with the mandatory language from §E2 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (April 2020) and with the ASTM Committee E33 bylaws in place when this standard was published; it reflects a situation that exists, it does not prescribe anything.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with building and environmental acoustic issues and not included in Terminology C634 are found in ISO/TR 25417 or IEEE P260.4. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology C634 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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