ASTM D4623-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by Overcoring Method—Three Component Borehole Deformation Gauge
Standard Test Method for Determination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by Overcoring Method—Three Component Borehole Deformation Gauge
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Either the in situ stresses or the stresses as influenced by an excavation may be determined. This test method is written assuming testing will be done from an underground opening; however, the same principles may be applied to testing in a rock outcrop at the surface.
5.2 This test method is generally performed at depths within 50 ft (15 m) of the working face because of drilling difficulties at greater depths. Some deeper testing with this gauge has been done, but should be considered developmental. This test method has a long and proven record and considered very accurate relative to many other techniques, both new and old, out there. Other overcoring methods that use instruments that are different, but follow much of the same basic concepts are now available and can go deeper; however, the pros and cons of each method need to be carefully compared to this test method.
5.3 It is also useful for obtaining stress characteristics of existing concrete and rock structures, such as mass concrete dams, for safety (such as alkali aggregate issues), vetting of computer models, and modification investigations.
5.4 This test method is difficult in rock with fracture spacings of less than 5 in. (130 mm). A large number of tests may be required in order to obtain data.
5.5 The rock tested is assumed to be homogeneous and linearly elastic. The moduli of deformation and Poisson's ratio of the rock overcore are required for data reduction. The preferred method for determining modulus of deformation values involves biaxially testing the recovered overcores, as described in Section 8. If this is not possible, values may be determined from uniaxial testing of smaller cores in accordance with Test Method D7012. However, this generally decreases the accuracy of the stress determination in all but the most homogeneous and isotropic rock. Modulus of deformation results may be used from other in situ tests, such as Test Methods D4394 and Test Method D4395, D4971 or othe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ambient local stresses (principal and secondary) in a rock mass and the equipment required to perform in situ stress tests using a three-component borehole deformation gauge (BDG) that was developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM); see Note 1.
1.2 The test procedure and method of data reduction are described, including the theoretical basis and assumptions involved in the calculations.
1.3 A section is included on troubleshooting equipment malfunctions.
Note 1: The gauge used in this test method is commonly referred to by users as a USBM gauge (U.S. Bureau of Mines three-component borehole deformation gauge).2
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4623 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by Overcoring
1
Method—Three Component Borehole Deformation Gauge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ambi-
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
ent local stresses (principal and secondary) in a rock mass and
D4394Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
the equipment required to perform in situ stress tests using a
Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading
three-component borehole deformation gauge (BDG) that was
Method
developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM); see Note 1.
D4395Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
1.2 The test procedure and method of data reduction are
Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading
described, including the theoretical basis and assumptions
Method
involved in the calculations.
D4971Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of
1.3 A section is included on troubleshooting equipment DeformationofRockUsingDiametricallyLoaded76-mm
(3-in.) Borehole Jack
malfunctions.
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
NOTE1—Thegaugeusedinthistestmethodiscommonlyreferredtoby
Data
usersasaUSBMgauge(U.S.BureauofMinesthree-componentborehole
2
D7012Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic
deformation gauge).
Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
States of Stress and Temperatures
as standard, except as noted below. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which
3. Terminology
are provided for information only and are not considered
standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall
3.1 Definitions:
not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D653.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 deformation, n—displacement change in dimension of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the borehole due to changes in stress.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 in situ stress, n—the stress levels and orientations
2. Referenced Documents
existing in the rock mass before excavation.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 principal plane, n—any plane in which the shear
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
stresses are zero.
Fluids
3.2.4 principalstresses,n—thenormalstressesactingonthe
1
three principal planes and which are perpendicular to each
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. other.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The major, intermediate or minor nor-
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4623–05. DOI:
mal or principal stresses refers to the maximum, intermediate
10.1520/D4623-08.
2
Considerable information presented in this test method was taken from Bureau
and minor normal stresses occurring in the rock element.
of Mines Information Circular No. 8618, and Hooker, V.E., and Bickel, D.L.,
3.2.5 reverse case, n—inrockwhichtendstofractureeasily,
“Overcoring Equipment and Techniques Used in Rock Stress Determination,”
Denver Mining Research Center, Denver, CO, 1974.
“disc” or “poker chip” during overcoring, the borehole gauge
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
can be modified by replacing the standard housing with a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
“reverse case” housing which allows the cantilever plungers to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. be positioned very close to the start of the EX hole.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4623 − 08 D4623 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by Overcoring
Method—USBM Method—Three Component Borehole
1
Deformation Gauge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ambient local stresses (principal and secondary) in a rock mass and the
equipment required to perform in situ stress tests using a three-component borehole deformation gauge (BDG) that was developed
by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM); see Note 1.
1.2 The test procedure and method of data reduction are described, including the theoretical basis and assumptions involved in
the calculations.
1.3 This test method covers the determination of the ambient local stresses in a rock mass and the equipment required to perform
in situ stress tests using a three-component borehole deformation gauge (BDG). The test procedure and method of data reduction
are described, including the theoretical basis and assumptions involved in the calculations. A section is included on troubleshooting
equipment malfunctions.
NOTE 1—The gauge used in this test method is commonly referred to as a USBM gauge (U.S. Bureau of Mines three-component borehole deformation
2
gauge).
NOTE 1—The gauge used in this test method is commonly referred to by users as a USBM gauge (U.S. Bureau of Mines three-component borehole
2
deformation gauge).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are
provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded
as nonconformance with this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4394 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method
D4395 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method
D4971 Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in.)
Borehole Jack
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of
Stress and Temperatures
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2008January 2017. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4623 – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/D4623-08.
2
Considerable information presented in this test method was taken from Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 8618, and Hooker, V.E., and Bickel, D.L., “Overcoring
Equipment and Techniques Used in Rock Stress Determination,” Denver Mining Research Center, Denver, CO, 1974.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4623 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: See Terminology D653 for general definitions.
3.1.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions:
...
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