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ASTM D6784-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)

Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measurement of particle-bound, oxidized, elemental, and total mercury in stationary-source flue gases provides data that can be used for dispersion modeling, deposition evaluation, human health and environmental impact assessments, emission reporting, compliance determinations, etc. Particle-bound, oxidized, and elemental mercury measurements before and after control devices may be necessary for optimizing and evaluating the mercury removal efficiency of emission control technologies.
SCOPE
1.1 This method applies to the determination of elemental, oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury emissions from coal-fired stationary sources.
1.2 This method is applicable to elemental, oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury concentrations ranging from approximately 0.5 to 100 μg/Nm3.
1.3 This method describes equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and procedures for calculating results.
1.4 This method is applicable for sampling elemental, oxidized, and particle-bound mercury in flue gases of coal-fired stationary sources. It may not be suitable at all measurement locations, particularly those with high particulate loadings, as explained in Section 16.
1.5 Method applicability is limited to flue gas stream temperatures within the thermal stability range of the sampling probe and filter components.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard assumes users are familiar with EPA stack-gas sampling procedures as stated in EPA Methods 1-4, Method 5, and Method 17.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6784-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008

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ASTM D6784-02 - Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)ASTM D6784-02 - Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)
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ASTM D6784-02 - Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (Ontario Hydro Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6784 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in
Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources
(Ontario Hydro Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6784; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling andAnalysis of
Atmospheres
1.1 This method applies to the determination of elemental,
D2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air-Assay Media by the
oxidized, particle-bound, and total mercury emissions from
Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test
coal-fired stationary sources.
D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot
1.2 This method is applicable to elemental, oxidized,
Tube Method)
particle-bound, and total mercury concentrations ranging from
D3685 Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of
approximately 0.5 to 100 µg/Nm .
Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
1.3 This method describes equipment and procedures for
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, equipment
2.2 Other Standards:
and procedures for laboratory analysis, and procedures for
EPA Method 1 Sample and Velocity Traverses for Station-
calculating results.
ary Sources
1.4 This method is applicable for sampling elemental,
EPA Method 2 Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and
oxidized,andparticle-boundmercuryinfluegasesofcoal-fired
Volumetric Flow Rate (Type S Pitot Tube)
stationary sources. It may not be suitable at all measurement
EPA Method 3 Gas Analysis for the Determination of Dry
locations, particularly those with high particulate loadings, as
Molecular Weight
explained in Section 16.
EPAMethod 4 Determination of Moisture Content in Stack
1.5 Method applicability is limited to flue gas stream
Gases
temperatureswithinthethermalstabilityrangeofthesampling
EPAMethod5 DeterminationofParticulateEmissionsfrom
probe and filter components.
Stationary Sources
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
EPAMethod12 DeterminationofInorganicLeadEmissions
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
from Stationary Sources
1.7 This standard assumes users are familiar with EPA
EPA Method 17 Determination of Particulate Emissions
stack-gas sampling procedures as stated in EPAMethods 1–4,
from Stationary Sources (In-Stack Filtration Method)
Method 5, and Method 17.
EPA Method 29 Determination of Metals Emissions from
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Stationary Sources
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EPA Method 101A Determination of Particle-Bound and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Gaseous Mercury Emissions from Sewage Sludge Incin-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
erators
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
EPAMethod301 FieldValidationofPollutantMeasurement
2. Referenced Documents Methods from Various Waste Media
EPA SW 846 7470A Mercury in Liquid Waste—Manual
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Cold Vapor Technique
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
EPAWater and Waste 600/4-79-020 Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Emission Mea-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on surement Technical Information Center or Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR
the ASTM website. Part 60, Appendix A or 40 CFR Part 61, Appendix B).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6784–02
3. Terminology V =volume of gas sample as measured by dry gas meter,
m
m (dscf)
3.1 Definitions other than those given below in 3.2 and 3.3
V =volume of gas sample measured by the dry gas
m(std)
are listed in Terminology D1356.
meter, corrected to standard conditions, Nm (dscf)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
V =volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected
w(std)
3.2.1 elemental mercury—mercury in its zero oxidation
0 to standard conditions, m (scf)
state, Hg .
W =total mass of ash on sample filter, g
ash
3.2.2 elemental mercury catch—mercury collected in the
W =total weight of liquid collected in impingers and silica
lc
acidified hydrogen peroxide (HNO –H O ) and potassium
3 2 2
gel, g (lb)
permanganate (H SO –KMnO ) impinger solutions employed
2 4 4
0 Y=dry gas meter calibration factor
in this method. This is gaseous Hg .
u=total sampling time, min
3.2.3 front half of the sampling train—allmercurycollected
u =sampling time interval, from the beginning of a run
on and upstream of the sample filter.
until the first component change, min
3.2.4 impinger train—setup including only the impingers
and connectors.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.2.5 oxidized mercury—mercury in its mercurous or mer-
2+ 2+ 4.1 A sample is withdrawn from the flue gas stream isoki-
curic oxidation states: Hg and Hg , respectively.
netically through a probe/filter system, maintained at 120°C or
3.2.6 oxidized mercury catch—mercury collected in the
the flue gas temperature, whichever is greater, followed by a
aqueouspotassiumchloride(KCl)impingersolutionemployed
series of impingers in an ice bath. Particle-bound mercury is
2+
in this method. This is gaseous Hg .
collected in the front half of the sampling train. Oxidized
3.2.7 particle-bound mercury catch—mercury associated
mercury is collected in impingers containing a chilled aqueous
with the particulate matter collected in the front half of the
potassium chloride solution. Elemental mercury is collected in
sampling train.
subsequent impingers (one impinger containing a chilled
3.2.8 sample train—complete setup including nozzle,
aqueous acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide and three im-
probe, probe liner, filter, filter holder, impingers, and connec-
pingers containing chilled aqueous acidic solutions of potas-
tors.
sium permanganate). Samples are recovered, digested, and
3.2.9 total mercury—all mercury (solid-bound, liquid, or
then analyzed for mercury using cold-vapor atomic absorption
gaseous)howevergeneratedorentrainedinthefluegasstream
(CVAAS) or fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS).
(that is, summation of elemental, oxidized, and particle-bound
mercury).
5. Significance and Use
3.3 Symbols:
5.1 The measurement of particle-bound, oxidized, elemen-
2 2
A=cross-sectional area of stack, m (ft )
tal, and total mercury in stationary-source flue gases provides
B =water vapor in the gas stream, proportion by volume
ws
data that can be used for dispersion modeling, deposition
DH=average pressure differential across the orifice meter,
evaluation, human health and environmental impact assess-
kPa (in. H O)
ments, emission reporting, compliance determinations, etc.
Hg =concentration of mercury in sample filter ash, µg/g
ash
Particle-bound, oxidized, and elemental mercury measure-
tp 3
Hg =concentration of particle-bound mercury, µg/Nm
ments before and after control devices may be necessary for
0 3
Hg =concentration of elemental mercury, µg/Nm
optimizing and evaluating the mercury removal efficiency of
2+ 3
Hg =concentration of oxidized mercury, µg/Nm
emission control technologies.
IR=instrument reading from mercury analyzer, µg/L
L =leakage rate observed during the post test leak check,
p 6. Interferences
m /min (cfm)
6.1 There are no known interferences, but certain biases
L =maximum acceptable leakage rate
a
may be encountered (see Section 16).
M =molecular weight of stack gas, wet basis g/g-mole
s
(lb/Lb-mole)
7. Apparatus
M =molecular weight of water, 18.0 g/g-mole (18.0 lb/Lb-
w
7.1 Sampling Train—Similar toTest Methods D3685, EPA
mole)
Method 5/EPA Method 17 and EPA Method 29 trains, as
N=Normal conditions, defined as 0°C and 101.3 kPa, (In
illustrated in Fig. 1.
the U.S. standard conditions 32°F and 1 atmosphere)
7.1.1 Probe Nozzle (Probe Tip)—Glassnozzlesarerequired
P =barometric pressure at the sampling site, kPa (in. Hg)
bar
unless alternate nozzles are constructed of materials that are
P =absolute stack gas pressure, kPa (in. Hg)
s
free from contamination and will not interact with the sample.
P =standard absolute pressure, 101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)
std
Probe fittings constructed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
R=ideal gas constant, 0.008314 kPa-m /K-g-mole (21.85
polypropylene, etc., are required instead of metal fittings to
in. Hg-ft /°R-lb-mole)
prevent contamination.
T =absolute average dry gas meter temperature, K (°R)
m 7.1.2 Probe Liner—If the sample train is to be in EPA
T =absolute stack temperature, K (°R)
Method5configuration(out-of-stackfiltration),theprobeliner
s
T =standard absolute temperature, 293 K (528°R)
must be constructed of quartz or borosilicate glass. If an EPA
std
V =total digested volume, mL Method 17 (in-stack filtration) sampling configuration is used,
D
D6784–02
FIG. 1 Schematic of Mercury-Sampling Train in the Method 5 Configuration
the probe/probe liner may be constructed of borosilicate glass, 7.1.8 Condensing/Absorbing System, consists of eight im-
quartz or, depending on the flue gas temperature, PTFE. pingers immersed in an ice bath and connected in series with
leak-free ground glass fittings or other non-contaminating
7.1.3 Pitot Tube, Type S pitot tube. Refer to Section 2.2 of
EPA Method 2 for a description. leak-free fittings. (At no time is silicon grease or other greases
to be used for this method). The first, second, fourth, fifth,
7.1.4 Differential Pressure Gages, inclined manometers or
sixth, and eighth impingers are of the Greenburg-Smith design
equivalent devices. Refer to Section 2.1 of EPA Method 2 for
modified by replacing the standard tip with a 1.3-cm (0.5-
a description.
in.)-ID straight glass tube extending to about 1.3 cm (0.5 in.)
7.1.5 Filter Holder, constructed of borosilicate glass or
from the bottom of the flask. The third and seventh impingers
PTFE-coated stainless steel with a PTFE filter support or other
are also Greenburg-Smith design, but with the standard tip
nonmetallic,non-contaminatingsupport.Donotuseaglassfrit
includingtheglassimpingingplate.Thefirst,second,andthird
orstainlesssteelwirescreen.AsiliconerubberorPTFEgasket,
impingers contain aqueous 1 N potassium chloride (KCl)
designed to provide a positive seal against leakage from
solution. The fourth impinger contains an aqueous solution of
outside or around the filter, may be used.
V V
5% / nitric acid (HNO ) and 10% / hydrogen peroxide
7.1.6 Connecting Umbilical Tube,heatedPTFEtubing.This V 3 V
(H O ). The fifth, sixth, and seventh impingers contain an
2 2
tube must be heated to a minimum of 120°C to help prevent
W
aqueous solution of 4 % / potassium permanganate
V
water and acid condensation. (The umbilical tube is defined as
V
(KMnO ) and 10% / sulfuric acid (H SO ). The last im-
any tubing longer than 0.5 m that connects the filter holder to 4 V 2 4
pinger contains silica gel or an equivalent desiccant. Refer to
the impinger train).
Note 1.
7.1.7 Probe and Filter Heating System:
7.1.7.1 EPA Method 5 Configuration—For EPA Method 5
NOTE 1—When flue gas streams are sampled with high moisture
configuration, the temperature of the flue gas, sample probe,
content (>20%), additional steps must be taken to eliminate carryover of
and the exit of the sample filter must be monitored using impinger contents from one sample type to the next. These steps must
includeuseofoversizedimpinger(s)oruseofanemptyimpingerbetween
temperature sensors capable of measuring temperature to
the KCl and HNO –H O . If a dry impinger is used, it must be rinsed as
3 2 2
within 3°C (5.4°F). The heating system must be capable of
discussed in 13.2 of this method and the rinse added to the preceding
maintaining the sample gas temperature of the probe and exit
impinger.
of the sample filter to within 615°C (627°F) of the flue gas
7.1.9 Metering System, vacuum gage, leak-free pump, ther-
temperature.Regardlessofthefluegastemperature,toprevent
mometers capable of measuring temperature to within 3°C
water and acid condensation, at no time must the probe
(5.4°F), and a dry gas meter or controlled orifice capable of
temperature,samplefilterexitgastemperature,orthetempera-
measuring volume to within 2%.
ture of the connecting umbilical cord be less than 120°C.
7.1.7.2 EPAMethod17Configuration—ForEPAMethod17 7.1.10 Barometer, capable of measuring atmospheric pres-
configuration, the sample filter is located in the duct and, sure to within 0.33 kPa (0.1 in. Hg). In many cases, the
therefore,naturallymaintainedatthefluegastemperature.The barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby National
heating system is only required to maintain the probe and Weather Service station, in which case, the station value
connecting umbilical cord to at least 120°C. If the flue gas (which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested.
temperature is less than 120°C, then EPA Method 5 configu- An adjustment for elevation differences between the weather
ration must be used. stationandsamplingpointshallbeappliedatarateofnegative
D6784–02
0.33 kPa (0.1 in. Hg) per 30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
vice versa for elevation decrease. provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
7.1.11 Gas Density Determination Equipment, temperature
the determination.
sensorandpressuregage,asdescribedinSection2.3and2.4of
8.2 Purity of Water—Unlessotherwiseindicated,references
EPA Method 2. The temperature sensor shall, preferably, be
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
permanently attached to the pitot tube or sampling probe in a
by Type II in Specification D1193.
fixedconfiguration,suchthatthesensortipextendsbeyondthe
8.3 Reagents:
leadingedgeoftheprobesheathanddoesnottouchanymetal.
8.3.1 Boric Acid (H BO ), purified reagent grade.
3 3
Alternative temperature sensor configurations are described in
8.3.2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), trace metal-grade concen-
Section 2.1.10 of EPA M
...

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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1583-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides the basic criteria to be used by accreditation bodies and others in evaluating the qualifications of laboratories engaged in the testing of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures. The criteria in this practice shall be supplemented by additional specific criteria and requirements, when appropriate; for example, when necessary to be in accordance with federal, state, or local government regulations.  
4.2 The accreditation is for organizations and not individuals.  
4.3 The practice is intended to provide objective information on the capabilities needed by laboratories to determine lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soil taken from and around buildings and related structures. It is not intended to be used to compare one laboratory with another.  
4.4 This practice is also intended for use by laboratories in the development and implementation of their management systems and for use to request or perform an evaluation of in-house facilities in accordance with this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the qualifications, including minimum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties, responsibilities, and services of laboratories engaged in the determination of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or any combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures.  
1.2 This practice has been developed consistent with Guides E548 and E994, to supplement ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3685/D3685M-13(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test widely used in the practice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates to the atmosphere.  
5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal and state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.  
5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary as a means of demonstrating conformance with contractual performance specifications.  
5.2 The collected residue obtained with these test methods is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures to determine the mass emission rates of particulate matter and collected residue in gaseous streams by in-stack test methods (Test Method A) or out-of-stack test methods (Test Method B).  
1.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring particulate matter and collected residue concentrations.  
1.3 These test methods include a description of equipment and procedures to be used for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, a description of equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and a description of procedures for calculating results.  
1.4 These test methods are applicable for sampling particulate matter and collected residue in wet (Test Method A or B) or dry (Test Method A) streams before and after particulate matter control equipment, and for determination of control device particulate matter collection efficiency.  
1.5 These test methods are also applicable for determining compliance with regulations and statutes limiting particulate matter existing in stack gases when approved by federal or state agencies.  
1.6 The particulate matter and collected residue samples collected by these test methods may be used for subsequent size and chemical analysis.  
1.7 These test methods describe the instrumentation, equipment, and operational procedures, including site selection, necessary for sampling and determination of particulate mass emissions. These test methods also include procedures for collection and gravimetric determination of residues collected in an impinger-condenser train. The sampling and analysis of particulate matter may be performed independently or simultaneously with the determination of collected residue.  
1.8 These test methods provide for the use of optional filter designs and filter material as necessary to accommodate the wide range of particulate matter loadings to which the test methods are applicable.  
1.9 Stack temperatures limitation for Test Method A is approximately 400°C (752°F) and for Test Method B is 815°C (1500°F).  
1.10 A known limitation of these test methods concerns the use of collected residue data. Since some collected residues can be formed in the sample train by chemical reaction in addition to condensation, these data should not be used without prior characterization (see 4.4.1).  
1.10.1 A second limitation concerns the use of the test methods for sampling gas streams containing fluoride, or ammonia or calcium compounds in the presence of sulfur dioxide and other reactive species having the potential to react within the sample train.  
1.10.2 A suspected but unverified limitation of these test methods concerns the possible vaporization and loss of collected particulate organic matter during a sampling run.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard within the text. The inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in ...

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ASTM D5835-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for the Automated Determination of Gas Concentrations

ABSTRACT
This practice presents the procedures and equipment that will permit, within certain limits, representative sampling of stationary source emissions for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams. This application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Although velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases, this is, however, not included in this practice. This practice describes representative sampling of gases in a duct, both by extractive and non-extractive methods. In extractive sampling, gases are conditioned to remove aerosols, particulate matter, and other interfering substances before being conveyed to the instruments. In non-extractive sampling, the measurements are made in-situ; therefore, no sample conditioning except filtering is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers procedures and equipment that will permit representative sampling for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams with limitations as described below. The application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx).  
1.2 Velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases. This is not included in this practice.  
1.3 There are some combustion processes and conditions that may limit the applicability of this practice. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following:  
1.3.1 Corrosive or highly reactive components,  
1.3.2 High vacuum, high pressure, or high temperature gas streams,  
1.3.3 Wet flue gases,  
1.3.4 Fluctuations in velocity, temperature, or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process,  
1.3.5 Gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams,  
1.3.6 Measurements made using environmental control devices, and  
1.3.7 Low levels of gas concentrations.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For more specific safety precautions, refer to 5.1.4.8, 5.2.1.6, and 6.2.2.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7392-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for PM Detector and Bag Leak Detector Manufacturers to Certify Conformance with Design and Performance Specifications for Cement Plants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 EPA regulations require Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste to use BLDs or PMDs to provide either a relative or an absolute indication of PM concentration and to alert the plant operator of the need to inspect PM control equipment or initiate corrective action. EPA and others have not established for these applications specific design and performance specifications for these instruments. The design and performance specifications and test procedures contained in this practice will help ensure that measurement systems are capable of providing reliable monitoring data.  
5.2 This practice identifies relevant information and operational characteristics of BLD and PMD monitoring devices for Portland cement kiln systems. This practice will assist equipment suppliers and users in the evaluation and selection of appropriate monitoring equipment.  
5.3 This practice requires that tests be conducted to verify manufacturer’s published specifications for detection limit, linearity, thermal stability, insensitivity to supply voltage variations and other factors so that purchasers can rely on the manufacturer’s published specifications. Purchasers are also assured that the specific instrument has been tested at the point of manufacture and shown to meet selected design and performance specifications prior to shipment.  
5.4 This practice requires that the manufacturer develop and provide to the user written procedures for installation start-up, operation, maintenance, and quality assurance of the equipment. This practice requires that these same procedures are used for a field performance demonstration of the BLD or PMD monitoring equipment at a Portland cement plant.  
5.5 The applicable test procedures and specifications of this practice are selected to address the equipment and activities that are within the control of the manufacturer.  
5.6 This practice also may serve as the basis for third party independent audits of the certification procedures used ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying particulate matter detectors (PMDs) and bag leak detectors (BLDs) that are used to monitor particulate matter (PM) emissions from kiln systems at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste. It includes design specifications, performance specifications, test procedures, and information requirements to ensure that these continuous monitors meet minimum requirements, necessary in part, to monitor reliably PM concentrations to indicate the need for inspection or corrective action of the types of air pollution control devices that are used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.  
1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original manufacturer, or to those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of PMDs or BLDs.  
1.3 This practice applies to (a) wet or dry process cement kilns equipped with electrostatic precipitators, and (b) dry process kilns, including pre-heater pre-calciner kiln systems, equipped with fabric filter controls. Some types of monitoring instruments are suitable for only certain types of applications.
Note 1: This practice has been developed based on careful consideration of the nature and variability of PM concentrations, effluent conditions, and the type, configuration, and operating characteristics of air pollution control devices used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.  
1.4 This practice applies to Portland cement kiln systems subject to PM emission standards contained in 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE.
Note 2: The level of the PM emission limit is relevant to the design and selection of appropriate PMD and BLD instrumentation. The current promulgated PM emission standards (70 FR 59402, Oct. 12, 2005) are: (a) 65 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.028 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 30 mg/acm (0.013 gr/acf) for “existing sources” and (b) 5.3 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0023 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 2.5 mg/ac...

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ASTM D7886-14(2019)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Asbestos Exposure Assessments for Repetitive Maintenance and Installation Tasks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Work practices, engineering controls, personal protective equipment and other precautions to minimize exposure to airborne asbestos fibers have been extensively documented in regulations, training manuals and other publications. The work described in these publications ranges from large-scale abatement projects to minor disturbances and clean-up. Practices E1368 and E2394 address these issues within the context of their subject matter.  
4.2 This practice applies to specific types of asbestos work where the same task is performed by various persons without substantial deviation from a documented procedure and with material containing the same type and similar content of asbestos fiber. The exposure from such operations can be expected to remain fairly consistent as long as these parameters do not vary substantially and the workers have received the required training to perform the task.  
4.3 Because of the variability in field conditions under which large-scale work such as asbestos abatement is performed, the opportunity to collect sufficient personal air samples under conditions similar enough to establish statistical confidence can be questioned. For this reason, this practice does not address the collection of such samples and their use for determining exposure data to apply on other projects. Users with such requirements are referred to the applicable regulations for guidance.  
4.4 There are many tasks, however, that are of short duration and amenable to testing under controlled conditions for assessing worker exposure. These tasks are performed by equipment installers and other tradesmen in the course of their ordinary duties in what this practice refers to as the current job. The following list of potential tasks where ACMs can be disturbed is by no means inclusive and the feasibility of conducting an Exposure Assessment is the responsibility of the user:  
4.4.1 Drilling holes through asbestos floor tile and sheet vinyl flooring,  
4.4.2 Removing ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes procedures for assessing the exposure of workers to airborne fibers who perform repetitive tasks of short duration where small quantities of asbestos-containing materials must be disturbed in order to perform maintenance and installation activities.  
1.2 This practice describes the facilities and equipment for performing the tasks under controlled conditions for the express purpose of collecting personal air samples to determine worker exposure. The tasks are performed on actual asbestos-containing materials during Exposure Assessment tests and precautions are taken for personal protection and avoiding contamination of adjacent spaces.  
1.3 This practice describes the air sample collection procedures, the analytical methods for the air samples, and the calculation of worker exposure including the use of statistical confidence limits. This practice differentiates between the test to obtain exposure data and the current job to which the data are applied, and describes the duties of the individuals who conduct these separate activities.  
1.4 The results are applied to the current job as defined herein for determining worker protection such as respiratory protection or for other purposes as determined by the competent person responsible for the current job. The results of the tests shall not be applied to current jobs that are expected to differ substantially from the test conditions in work practices, material properties or other factors that might affect the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers.  
1.5 This practice is not intended to be used for asbestos abatement work for which the objective is the removal of asbestos-containing materials. It is designed to assess exposures for short-term repetitive tasks. Compliance with regulatory requirements as to the purpose of the work and limits on the quantity of asbestos-containing materials disturbed is the responsibility of the user.  
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ASTM D7296-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Dry Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Beryllium and Compounds

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of beryllium and compounds. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.  
5.2 This practice is intended solely for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces that may be compromised by water or other wetting agents and that are therefore not suitable for wet wipe sampling using Practice D6966 or micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144. Use of this practice for any purpose other than the intended purpose is discouraged due to the limited collection efficiency and high variability of dry wipe sampling as compared to wetted wipe or micro-vacuum sampling.3  
5.3 This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144 may be more suitable for these surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust containing beryllium and beryllium compounds on surfaces using the dry wipe sampling method, or both. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of beryllium and compounds in the wipes using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry or fluorescence detection.  
1.2 This practice is limited in its scope to applications where wetted wipe sampling (using Practice D6966) or vacuum sampling (using Practice D7144) is not physically feasible (for example, if the surface to be wiped would be compromised by use of wetted wipes).  
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. Additional guidance is provided in Guide D7659.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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