ASTM D5591-22

Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Experience shows that yarns or cords on would packages, usually being under tension, exhibit a contraction in length (and a resulting increase in linear density) when removed from the package and allowed to relax over a period of time at room temperature. Consequently, it they are tested without being allowed to relax, they will register higher thermal shrinkage force values as the relaxation shrinkage will be incorrectly included as the thermal shrinkage force.  
5.2.1 Retractive forces vary widely by polymer type, being almost nil within aramids and significant within most nylons. For example, the exposure of untensioned skeins of nylon yarn or cord to 95 to 100 % relative humidity at room temperature for two days and reconditioning under standard laboratory conditions will cause most of the length change that is possible at room temperature to occur within a sample. This reduction in length is accompanied by some lowering of thermal shrinkage force.  
5.3 The thermal...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage force at 180 ± 2 °C (355 ± 4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N (4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and aramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from other polymers.  
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord packages, or retrieved from fabrics.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2022
• ICS: 59.080.01 - Textiles in general
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5591 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal
1
Shrinkage Force Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord
Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manu-
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to
factured Organic-Base Fibers
measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.
D2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
3
thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics (Withdrawn 2022)
force at 180 6 2 °C (355 6 4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N
(4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and
3. Terminology
aramid yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal
3.1 Definitions:
shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
other polymers.
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
packages, or retrieved from fabrics.
adhesive-treated tire cord; cord; greige cord; greige tire cord;
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pneumatic tire; retraction, in yarns and cords; standard atmo-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
sphere for testing textiles; thermal shrinkage force; thermal
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
shrinkage force tester; tire.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
thermal shrinkage force; thermal shrinkage force tester; yarn.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 A specified length of yarn or cord is conditioned in a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
relaxed state, mounted with a pretension of 5 mN/tex 6 1
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mN⁄tex (0.05 gf/den 6 0.01 gf/den), then exposed to dry heat
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
at a temperature of 180 °C 6 2 °C (355 °F 6 4 °F) for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
120 s 65s.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 The shrinkage force induced in the specimen is read
from the tester.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
of commercial shipments of yarns and cords.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Metallic Reinforcements.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5591 – 04(2016). DOI:
assistance.As a minimum, test samples should be used that are
10.1520/D5591-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5591 − 22
as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material attaching a smal
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5591 − 04 (Reapproved 2016) D5591 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal
1
Shrinkage Force Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers preparation and procedures to measure the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords in air.
1.2 This test method is applicable to measurement of the thermal shrinkage force of yarns and cords whose shrinkage force at 180
6 2°C2 °C (355 6 4°F)4 °F) in air does not exceed 20 N (4 lbf). This test method is applicable to nylon, polyester, and aramid
yarns and cords within the applicable range of thermal shrinkage force, as well as to comparable yarns and cords from other
polymers.
1.2.1 Test specimens may be taken from yarn or cord packages, or retrieved from fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.after
SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
Organic-Base Fibers
D2258D2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
3
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics (Withdrawn 2022)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2022. Published August 2016July 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D5591 – 04 (2011).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D5591-04R16.10.1520/D5591-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5591 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire, hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: adhesive-treated tire cord, cord,cord; cord; greige cord,cord; greige tire
cord,cord; pneumatic tire,tire; retraction, in yarns and cords,cords; standard atmosphere for testing textiles,textiles; thermal
shrinkage force,force; thermal shrinkage force tester, and tester; tire.
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: thermal shrinkage force; thermal shrinkage force tester; yarn.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specified length of yarn or cord is conditioned in a relaxed state, mounted with a pretension of 5 6 1mN/tex 6 1 mN
mN/tex (0.05 6 0.01 ⁄tex (0.05 gf/den 6 0.01 gf/den), then exposed to dry heat at a temperature of 180180 °C 6 2°C (3552 °C
(355 °F 6 4°F) for 120 6 5 s.4 °F) for 120 s 6 5 s.
4.2 The shrinkage force induced in the specimen is read from the tester.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarns and cords
...