ASTM D1938-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is of value in rating the tear-propagation resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly greater than the tearing energy. The tear-propagation resistance in slightly extensible or non-extensible film or sheeting is distinguished from the tear-propagation resistance in highly extensible film or sheeting by the load-time or load-displacement data, (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The tear-propagation force for slightly extensible or non-extensible material is determined from the average tear force versus the initial and peak force for a highly extensible material.
This test method shall be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible.
The data obtained by this test method furnish information for ranking the tear-propagation resistance of plastic films and sheeting of similar composition. Actual use performance may not necessarily correlate with data from this test method. Sets of data from specimens of dissimilar thickness are usually not comparable.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 of Classification Systems D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
FIG. 1 Load-Time Chart for Low-Extensible Film
FIG. 2 Load-Time Chart for Highly Extensible Film
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting (thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing.
Note 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test —This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the test specimen.
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered technically equivalent. The specimen size for ISO 6383-1 is larger, and the method specifies different test speeds.
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Designation: D1938 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film
1
and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
als
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting
Plastics Specimens
(thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method.
D6988 GuideforDeterminationofThicknessofPlasticFilm
The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material
Test Specimens
where brittle failures occur during testing.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
NOTE 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test— This test
2.2 ISO Standard:
method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips
ISO 6383-1 Film and Sheeting—Determination of Tear Re-
3
holding the test specimen.
sistance Part 1 Trouser Tear Method
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test
3. Terminology
method by grip separation.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method, refer to Terminology D883.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The force to propagate a tear across a film or sheeting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen is measured using a constant-rate-of-grip separation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
machine as described in Test Methods D882 and is calculated
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
from the load-time chart.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered 5. Significance and Use
technicallyequivalent.ThespecimensizeforISO6383-1islarger,andthe
5.1 This test method is of value in rating the tear-
method specifies different test speeds.
propagationresistanceofvariousplasticfilmsandthinsheeting
of comparable thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting
2. Referenced Documents
the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
greater than the tearing energy.The tear-propagation resistance
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
in slightly extensible or non-extensible film or sheeting is
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
distinguished from the tear-propagation resistance in highly
Sheeting
extensible film or sheeting by the load-time or load-
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
displacement data, (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The tear-propagation
force for slightly extensible or non-extensible material is
determined from the average tear force versus the initial and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
peak force for a highly extensible material.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
5.2 This test method shall be used for specification accep-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
tance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1938 - 06. DOI:
for the particular material are acceptably reproducible.
10.1520/D1938-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1938 − 08
FIG. 1 Load-Time Chart for Low-Extensible Film
FIG. 3 Single-Tear Specimen
inserted and clamped so that the long axis of the test specimen
coincides with the direction of pull through the center line of
the grip as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1938–06 Designation:D1938–08
Standard Test Method for
Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film
1
and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting
(thickness of 1 mm [0.04 in.](0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material
where brittle failures occur during testing.
NOTE 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm [0.010 in.]. (0.010 in.).
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test —This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the
test specimen.
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are provided for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered technically equivalent. The specimen size for ISO 6383-1 is larger, and the
method specifies different test speeds.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D 6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 6383-1 Film and Sheeting—Determination of Tear Resistance Part 1 Trouser Tear Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 883.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The force to propagate a tear across a film or sheeting specimen is measured using a constant-rate-of-grip separation
machine as described in Test Methods D 882 and is calculated from the load-time chart.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is of value in rating the tear-propagation resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting .
Current edition approved Sept.Nov. 1, 2006.2008. Published September 2006.November 2008. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20022006
as D 1938 - 026.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1938–08
thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly greater than the
tearing energy. The tear-propagation resistance in slightly extensible or non-extensible film or sheeting is distinguished from the
tear-propagation resistance in highly extensible film or sheeting by the load-time or load-displacement data, (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
The tear-propagation force for slightly extensible or non-extensible material is determined from the average tear force versus the
initial and peak force for a highly extensible material.
5.2 This test method shall be used for specificat
...
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