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ASTM C1600/C1600M-07

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ( Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2007
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.13 - Special Cements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1600/C1600M-08 - Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM C1904-22 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1894-22 - Standard Guide for Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete Products
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C387/C387M-23 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Concrete and High Strength Mortar
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1660-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Thin-bed Mortar for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1731-21 - Standard Specification for Concrete Floor Tile
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007
Referred By
ASTM C887-20 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar
Effective Date
01-Aug-2007

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ASTM C1600/C1600M-07 - Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic CementASTM C1600/C1600M-07 - Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
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ASTM C1600/C1600M-07 - Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1600/C 1600M – 07
Standard Specification for
Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1600/C 1600M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
Cement
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic ce-
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
ments.Thisisaspecificationgivingperformancerequirements.
Hydraulic Cement
There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or
C 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic
its constituents.
Cement
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on
C 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic
specific requirements for very early compressive strength
Cement by Vicat Needle
development.
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
C 441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
standard.
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes
taining Hydraulic Cement
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
(excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
the standard.
C 1038 Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Mortar Bars Stored in Water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
3.1 Definitions:
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
Terminology C 219.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3 3.3 Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement, n—a hydraulic or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
blended hydraulic cement which exhibits rapid strength gain
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
during the first 24 h of hydration, with or without other
Hydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
constituents, processing additions, and functional additions.
Specimens)
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
4. Nomenclature, Classifications and Use
Cement
4.1 Cements conforming to this specification shall be des-
ignated “Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement” with the high
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
early strength gain characteristic indicated by type in accor-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.13 on Special Cements.
dance with the types described in section 4.2. When the type is
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007.
not specified, the requirement of Type GRH shall apply.
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Vol 04.01.
4.2 The specification is for four types of rapid hardening
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cement as follows:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2.1 Type URH—Ultra Rapid Hardening For use where
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ultra high early strength is desired (See Table 1).
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1600/C 1600M – 07
TABLE 1 Standard Physical Requirements
(must be reported on manufacturer’s certification)
Cement Type
URH VRH MRH GRH
Compressive Strength (See Section 9
for procedures), min, MPa (psi)
1 ⁄2 h 21 [3000] 12 [1770] . . . . . .
3 h 28 [4000] 15 [2280] 10 [1500] 7 [1000]
6 h . . . . . . 14 [2000] 10 [1500]
1 day 35 [5000] 24 [3480] 17 [2500] 14 [2000]
7 days 41 [6000] 28 [4000] 24 [4000] 24 [3500]
28 days 57 [8300] 35 [5000] 31 [4500] 28 [4000]
Drying Shrinkage, max %
7 days 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10
28 days, air storage 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.12
Min Time of Final Set C 191 apparatus
A
Minutes 10 10 10 10
Autoclave, max expansion % 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
A
The initial setting time typically ranges from 10 to 45 min for rapid hardening cements of various types and composition.
4.2.2 Type VRH—VeryRapidHardeningForusewhere very C 183 at the mill or at the job site in accordance with the
high early strength is desired (See Table 1). purchaser’s requirements (See Note 1).
4.2.3 Type MRH—Medium Rapid Hardening for use where
NOTE 1—Practice C 183 is not designed for manufacturing quality
mid-range rapid hardening high early strength is desired (See
control and is not required for manufacturer’s certification.
Table 1).
4.2.4 Type GRH—General Rapid Hardening for use when
9. Test Methods
the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH
9.1 When testing cement for compliance with this specifi-
cement is not required (See Table 1).
cation, use the following methods, with modifications or
exceptions as indicated:
5. Ordering Information
9.1.1 Autoclave Expansion—Determine autoclave expan-
5.1 Orders for cement meeting the requirements of this
sion by Test Method C 151 as specified in Table 1.
specification shall include the following:
9.1.2 Time of Setting—Determine the time of setting using
5.1.1 This specification designation and date.
Test Method C 191 as specified in Table 1. Immediately after
5.1.2 The quantity of cement desired.
molding the test specimen in the conical ring, determine the
5.1.3 The type of cement desired.
penetration of the needle at this time and every 3 min. until the
5.1.4 A request for the manufacturer’s certification, if de-
needle no longer penetrates to the bottom of the specimen, then
sired.
every 1 min. until final set is determined.
9.1.3 Compressive Strength—Determine compressive
6. 6. Chemical Composition
strength using Test Method C 109/C 109M as modified herein.
6.1 The chemical composition for the cement is not speci-
Tests shall be run at each age specified in Table 1. The mixing
fied. However, the purchaser shall have the option to request
water requirement in Test Method C 109/C 109M shall be
the cement composition from the producer. If analyzed, the
adjusted to produce a flow of 110 6 5
...

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This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
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Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off