ASTM D6637/D6637M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.
5.2 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.3 All geogrids can be tested by any of these methods. Some modification of techniques may be necessary for a given geogrid depending upon its physical make-up. Special adaptations may be necessary with strong geogrids, multiple layered geogrids, or geogrids that tend to slip in the clamps or those which tend to be damaged by the clamps.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying width to tensile loading.
1.2 Three alternative procedures are provided to determine the tensile strength, as follows:
1.2.1 Method A—Testing a single geogrid rib in tension (N or lbf).
1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
1.3 This test method is intended for quality control and conformance testing of geogrids.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6637/D6637M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or
1
Multi-Rib Tensile Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6637/D6637M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
width to tensile loading.
D5262 Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension
1.2 Three alternative procedures are provided to determine
Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Geosynthetics
the tensile strength, as follows:
1.2.1 Method A—Testing a single geogrid rib in tension (N
3. Terminology
or lbf).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
(kN/m or lbf/ft).
tained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple
of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
3.1.2 breaking force, (F), n—the force at failure.
1.3 This test method is intended for quality control and
conformance testing of geogrids.
3.1.3 corresponding force, n—synonym for force at speci-
fied elongation.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 force at specified elongation, FASE, n—a force asso-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ciated with a specific elongation on the force-elongation curve
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
(synonym for corresponding force.)
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.5 force-elongation curve, n—inatensiletest,agraphical
with the standard.
representation of the relationship between the magnitude of an
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
externally applied force and the change in length of the
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
specimen in the direction of the applied force (synonym for
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
stress-strain curve.)
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
3.1.6 geogrid, n—a geosynthetic formed by a regular net-
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
work of integrally connected elements with apertures greater
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
than 6.35 mm [ ⁄4 in.] to allow interlocking with surrounding
soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to primarily
2. Referenced Documents
function as reinforcement. D5262
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured from poly-
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
meric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
Textiles
engineering related material as an integral part of a man made
project, structure, or system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
3.1.8 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
known bias, but which may be used to establish an order for a
cal Properties.
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
Current edition approved July 15, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6637–11. DOI:
3.1.9 integral, adj—in geosynthetics, forming a necessary
10.1520/D6637_D6637M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or part of the whole; a constituent.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.10 junction, n—the point where geogrid ribs are inter-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. connected to provide structure and dimensional stability.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6637/D6637M − 15
3.1.11 rib, n—for geogrids, the continuous elements of a mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are
geogrid which are interconnecte
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6637 − 11 D6637/D6637M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or
1
Multi-Rib Tensile Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6637;D6637/D6637M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying width
to tensile loading.
1.2 Three alternative procedures are provided to determine the tensile strength, as follows:
1.2.1 Method A—Testing a single geogrid rib in tension (N or lbf).
1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
1.3 This test method is intended for quality control and conformance testing of geogrids.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The inch-pound values
stated in parentheses are provided for information only.each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5262 Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6
2°C (70[70 6 4°F).4°F].
3.1.2 breaking force, (F), n—the force at failure.
3.1.3 corresponding force, n—synonym for force at specified elongation.
3.1.4 force at specified elongation, FASE, n—a force associated with a specific elongation on the force-elongation curve
(synonym for corresponding force.)
3.1.5 force-elongation curve, n—in a tensile test, a graphical representation of the relationship between the magnitude of an
externally applied force and the change in length of the specimen in the direction of the applied force (synonym for stress-strain
curve.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011July 15, 2015. Published October 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20102011
as D6637–01(2010).D6637–11. DOI: 10.1520/D6637-11.10.1520/D6637_D6637M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6637/D6637M − 15
3.1.6 geogrid, n—a geosynthetic formed by a regular network of integrally connected elements with apereturesapertures greater
1
than 6.35 mm ([ ⁄4 in.)in.] to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to primarily
function as reinforcement. D5262
3.1.7 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man made project, structure, or system.
3.1.8 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain known bias, but which may be used to establish an order for a set of
specimens with respect to the
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6637/D6637M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or
1
Multi-Rib Tensile Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6637/D6637M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
strength properties of geogrids by subjecting strips of varying
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
width to tensile loading.
D5262 Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension
1.2 Three alternative procedures are provided to determine
Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Geosynthetics
the tensile strength, as follows:
1.2.1 Method A—Testing a single geogrid rib in tension (N
3. Terminology
or lbf).
3.1 Definitions:
1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
(kN/m or lbf/ft).
tained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple
of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).
3.1.2 breaking force, (F), n—the force at failure.
1.3 This test method is intended for quality control and
conformance testing of geogrids.
3.1.3 corresponding force, n—synonym for force at speci-
fied elongation.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 force at specified elongation, FASE, n—a force asso-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ciated with a specific elongation on the force-elongation curve
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
(synonym for corresponding force.)
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.5 force-elongation curve, n—in a tensile test, a graphical
with the standard.
representation of the relationship between the magnitude of an
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
externally applied force and the change in length of the
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
specimen in the direction of the applied force (synonym for
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
stress-strain curve.)
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
3.1.6 geogrid, n—a geosynthetic formed by a regular net-
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
work of integrally connected elements with apertures greater
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
than 6.35 mm [ ⁄4 in.] to allow interlocking with surrounding
soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to primarily
2. Referenced Documents
function as reinforcement. D5262
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 geosynthetic, n—a product manufactured from poly-
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
meric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
Textiles
engineering related material as an integral part of a man made
project, structure, or system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
3.1.8 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
known bias, but which may be used to establish an order for a
cal Properties.
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
Current edition approved July 15, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6637–11. DOI:
3.1.9 integral, adj—in geosynthetics, forming a necessary
10.1520/D6637_D6637M-15.
2
part of the whole; a constituent.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.10 junction, n—the point where geogrid ribs are inter-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. connected to provide structure and dimensional stability.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6637/D6637M − 15
3.1.11 rib, n—for geogrids, the continuous elements of a mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are
geogrid which are interconnected to a node or junction. from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
3.1
...
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