ASTM A1061/A1061M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Testing Multi-Wire Steel Strand
Standard Test Methods for Testing Multi-Wire Steel Strand
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The mechanical properties of the strand are determined by a test in which fracture of the specimen occurs in the free span between the jaws of the testing machine.
Mechanical properties of the strand will be negatively affected if proper care is not taken to prevent damage such as severe bending, abrasion, or nicking of the strand during sampling.
Premature failure of the test specimens may result if there is appreciable notching, cutting, or bending of the specimen by the gripping devices of the testing machine.
Errors in testing will result if the wires constituting the strand are not loaded uniformly.
The mechanical properties of the strand will be materially affected by excessive heating during specimen collection or preparation.
4.6 Gripping difficulties will be minimized by following the suggested methods of gripping described in Section 7.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for testing the mechanical as well as relaxation properties of multi-wire steel strand.
1.2 These test methods are intended for use in evaluating specific strand properties prescribed in specifications for multi-wire steel strand, but they do not quantify acceptance criteria specified in the applicable specification for the strand being tested.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A1061/A1061M − 09
StandardTest Methods for
Testing Multi-Wire Steel Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1061/A1061M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 free span, n—the distance between the gripping jaws
occupiedbythelengthofstrandtobetestedinwhichthestrand
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for testing the
is not contacted or detrimentally influenced by the gripping
mechanical as well as relaxation properties of multi-wire steel
system.
strand.
3.1.2 length of lay, n—the axial distance required to make
1.2 These test methods are intended for use in evaluating
one complete revolution of any wire of a strand.
specific strand properties prescribed in specifications for multi-
3.1.3 strand, n—two or more steel wires wound together in
wire steel strand, but they do not quantify acceptance criteria
a helical form.
specified in the applicable specification for the strand being
tested.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1 The mechanical properties of the strand are determined
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
by a test in which fracture of the specimen occurs in the free
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
span between the jaws of the testing machine.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.2 Mechanical properties of the strand will be negatively
with the standard.
affected if proper care is not taken to prevent damage such as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the severe bending, abrasion, or nicking of the strand during
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the sampling.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Premature failure of the test specimens may result if
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
there is appreciable notching, cutting, or bending of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimen by the gripping devices of the testing machine.
4.4 Errors in testing will result if the wires constituting the
2. Referenced Documents
strand are not loaded uniformly.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.5 The mechanical properties of the strand will be materi-
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
ally affected by excessive heating during specimen collection
of Steel Products
or preparation.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
4.6 Gripping difficulties will be minimized by following the
someter Systems
suggested methods of gripping described in Section 7.
E328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and
Structures
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tensile test machine calibrated in accordance with
3. Terminology
Practices E4.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2 Class B-1 extensometer as described in Practice E83.
5.3 Class D extensometer as described in Practice E83.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
6. Sampling
Subcommittee A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
6.1 Unless otherwise specified in the material standard, test
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
A1061_A1061M-09.
specimens shall be taken from the finished product prior to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
packaging. The number of test specimen(s) shall be taken as
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specified in the applicable specification for the material strand
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. being tested.
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A1061/A1061M − 09
7. Gripping Devices to or greater than the minimum specified in the applicable
specification. It is not necessary to determine the total percent
7.1 Due to inherent physical characteristics of individual
elongation at maximum force.
testing machines, it is not practical to recommend a universal
9.2.1 In practice, the total percent elongation at maximum
gripping procedure that is suitable for all testing machines.
Therefore, it is necessary to determine which of the methods of force may be determined by measuring the movement between
gripping described in7.1.1-7.1.5is most suitable for the testing the gripping jaws using a linear dial gage or a linear precision
equipment available. The gripping devices shall be designed
ruler. After the yield strength is achieved loading is stopped
such that during testing the load is distributed along the entire
and the extensometer removed. The distance between the
length of the grips.The effective gripping length as a minimum
gripping jaws is measured. Loading is then continued until
shall be equal to the length of lay of the strand.
failure of one or more wires. The distance between the jaws is
7.1.1 Standard V-Grips with Serrated Teeth (Note 1).
again measured. The total percent elongation is calculated as a
7.1.2 Standard V-Grips with Serrated Teeth (Note 1), Using
percentage of the change in the jaw-to-jaw distance and adding
Cushioning Material—In this method, material is placed be-
this value to the value obtained by the extensometer. In any
tween the grips and the specimen to minimize the notching
case, the total elongation value is determined when one or
effect of the teeth. Materials that have been used include, but
more wires fail during the test. (See Note 5.)
are not limited to lead foil, aluminum foil, carborundum cloth,
and brass shims. The type and thickness of material required is 9.3 Breaking Strength—Continue loading to determine the
dependent on the shape, condition, and coarseness of the teeth.
maximum load at which one or more wires of the strand are
7.1.3 Special Grips with Smooth, Semi-Cylindrical Grooves
fractured. Record this load as the breaking strength of the
(Note 2)—The grips can be used as is or in conjunction with an
strand. (See Note 6.)
abrasive slurry applied to the grooves of the grips and the
NOTE 3—The yield-strength extensometer and the elongation exten-
gripped portion of the specimen to prevent slippage.The slurry
someter may be the same instrument or two separate instruments. It is
consists of abrasive such as Grade 3-F aluminum oxide and a
advisable to use two separate instruments since the more sensitive
carrier such as water or glycerin.
yield-strength extensometer, which could be damaged when the strand
7.1.4 Dead-End Eye Splices—These devices are available in
fractures, may be removed following the determination of yield strength.
sizes designed to fit each size of strand to be tested.
The elongation extensometer may be constructed with less sensitive parts
7.1.5 Chucking Devices—Use of chucking devices of the or be constructed in such a way that minimal damage would result if
fracture occurs while the extensometer is attached to the specimen.
type generally used for applying tension to strands in casting
NOTE 4—Autom
...
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