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ASTM E384-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microindentation hardness of materials, the verification of microindentation hardness testing machines, and the calibration of standardized test blocks.
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made with Knoop and Vickers indenters under test forces in the range from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8 10-3  to 9.8 N).
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible sources of errors that can occur during microindentation testing and how these factors affect the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of test results.
Note 1—While Committee E04 is primarily concerned with metals, the test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
E04 - Metallography
Drafting Committee
E04.05 - Microindentation Hardness Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E384-99e1 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E384-05a - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
Effective Date
15-Aug-2005
Referred By
ASTM E3246-22 - Standard Test Methods for Differential Indentation Depth Hardness of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM A1100-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Qualification and Control of Induction Heat Treating
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2150-19 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1474/D1474M-13(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C730-98(2021) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM B613-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Preparing Specifications for Miniature Brushes of Composite Materials for Sliding Electric Contacts
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3184-16 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C522-03(2022) - Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1326-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM B1015-20 - Standard Practice for Form and Style of Standards Relating to Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E1268-19 - Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E18-22 - Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM E384-05 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of MaterialsASTM E384-05 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
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ASTM E384-05 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 384 – 05
Standard Test Method for
1
Microindentation Hardness of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microin-
E 766 Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scan-
dentation hardness of materials, the verification of microinden-
ning Electron Microscope
tation hardness testing machines, and the calibration of stan-
dardized test blocks.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
withKnoopandVickersindentersundertestforcesintherange
–3
method, see TerminologyE7.
from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8 3 10 to 9.8 N).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible
3.2.1 calibrating, v—determining the values of the signifi-
sourcesoferrorsthatcanoccurduringmicroindentationtesting
cant parameters by comparison with values indicated by a
and how these factors affect the accuracy, repeatability, and
reference instrument or by a set of reference standards.
reproducibility of test results.
3.2.2 Knoop hardness number, HK, n—an expression of
NOTE 1—WhileCommitteeE04isprimarilyconcernedwithmetals,the
hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to the Knoop
test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
indenter by the projected area of the permanent impression
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
made by the indenter.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 Knoop indenter, n—a rhombic-based pyramidal-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shaped diamond indenter with edge angles of/ A = 172° 308
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and/ B = 130° 08 (see Fig. 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 microindentation hardness test, n—a hardness test
using a calibrated machine to force a diamond indenter of
2. Referenced Documents
specific geometry into the surface of the material being
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluated, in which the test forces range from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8
–3
C 1326 Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of
310 to9.8N),andtheindentationdiagonal,ordiagonalsare
Advanced Ceramics
measured with a light microscope after load removal; for any
C 1327 Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of
microindentation hardness test, it is assumed that the indenta-
Advanced Ceramics
tion does not undergo elastic recovery after force removal.
E3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
NOTE 2—Use of the term microhardness should be avoided because it
E7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
implies that the hardness, rather than the force or the indentation size, is
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
very low.
Average Quality for a Lot or Process
3.2.5 verifying, v—checking or testing the instrument to
E 140 Test Method for Hardness Conversion Tables for
assure conformance with the specification.
Metals
3.2.6 Vickers hardness number, HV, n—an expression of
E 175 Terminology of Microscopy
hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to a Vickers
indenter by the surface area of the permanent impression made
1
by the indenter.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on
Metallography and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.05 on Micro-
3.2.7 Vickers indenter, n—asquare-basedpyramidal-shaped
hardness.
diamond indenter with face angles of 136° (see Fig. 2).
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
e1 3.3 Formulae—The formulae presented in 3.3.1-3.3.4 for
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 384 – 99 .
2
calculating microindentation hardness are based upon an ideal
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tester. The measured value of the microindentation hardness of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
amaterialissubjectedtoseveralsourcesoferrors.BasedonEq
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E384–
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5.1 Hardness tests have been found to be very useful for materials evaluation, quality control of manufacturing processes and research and development efforts. Hardness, although empirical in nature, can be correlated to tensile strength for many metals and alloys, and is also an indicator of machinability, wear resistance, toughness and ductility.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microindentation hardness of materials.  
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made with Knoop and Vickers indenters under test forces in the range from 9.8 × 10-3 to 9.8 N (1 to 1000 gf).  
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible sources of errors that can occur during microindentation testing and how these factors affect the precision, bias, repeatability, and reproducibility of test results.  
1.4 Information pertaining to the requirements for direct verification and calibration of the testing machine and the requirements for the manufacture and calibration of Vickers and Knoop reference hardness test blocks are in Test Method E92.
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1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
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