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ASTM D975-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of frequently varying speed and load.
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel engines in non-automotive applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D975-02 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D975-04 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7932-17 - Standard Specification for Printed, Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Labels for Use in Extreme Distribution Environments
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7619-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1990-23 - Standard Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil: Ignition Devices
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6756-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation of the ASTM Color of Diesel Fuel and Heating Oil Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7215-22 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6728-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D613-23 - Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7806-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and Triglyceride Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Transmission Method)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8436-23 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8166-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Particle Contamination Monitors
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8070-23 - Standard Test Method for Screening of Fuels and Fuel Associated Aqueous Specimens for Microbial Contamination by Lateral Flow Immunoassay
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4737-21 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D975-03 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsASTM D975-03 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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ASTM D975-03 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 975 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
1. Scope
problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more informa-
1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils
tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
described as follows:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light
only.
distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low
sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by
2. Referenced Documents
2
Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D—A general-purpose,
3
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive
3
Atmospheric Pressure
applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and
2 D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
load.
3
Closed Cup Tester
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate
3
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.
3
eral Bomb Method)
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for
3
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
frequently varying speed and load.
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of
3
Viscosity)
distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel
3
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
engines in non-automotive applications involving predomi-
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
nantly constant speed and load.
3
Petroleum Products
3
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
given in X1.2.
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
3
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
late Fuels
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
3
required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of
(Lamp Method)
delivery. D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
3
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
3
restrictive.
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
3
(High-Temperature Method)
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee is under the
3
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non–Aviation D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
3
Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 975–02.
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Regulation of Fuels and Fuel
Additives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and
3
Later Calendar Years. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D975–03
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia- IP 309 Diesel and Domestic Heating Fuels—Determination
3 8
tion Fuel by Line Sampling of Cold
...

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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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B  
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370–510 (700–950)  
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Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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