ASTM C637-98a(2003)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
Standard Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
ABSTRACT
This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration. Aggregates covered by specification include the natural mineral aggregates of either high density or high fixed water content, or both. These include aggregates that contain or consist predominately of materials such as barite, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine. Also included are synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophosphorus and boron frit or other boron compounds. Fine aggregate consisting of natural or manufactured sand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate may consist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, or combinations or mixture thereof. Aggregates shall meet the required uniformity of specific gravity and fixed water content. The materials shall also meet the required chemical composition for serpentine, limonite, goethite, barite, ilmenite, hematite, magnetite, iron, ferrophosphorus, boron frit, boron carbide, calcium carbide.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers special aggregates for use in radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C637 – 98a (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Classification
1.1 This specification covers special aggregates for use in 3.1 Aggregates covered by this specification include:
radiation-shielding concretes in which composition or high 3.1.1 Natural mineral aggregates of either high density or
specific gravity, or both, are of prime consideration. highfixedwatercontent,orboth.Theseincludeaggregatesthat
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the contain or consist predominately of materials such as barite,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, and serpentine.
only. 3.1.2 Synthetic aggregates such as iron, steel, ferrophospho-
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the rus and boron frit or other boron compounds (see Descriptive
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:This Nomenclature C638).
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, 3.1.3 Fine aggregate consisting of natural or manufactured
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user sand including high-density minerals. Coarse aggregate may
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health consist of crushed ore, crushed stone, or synthetic products, or
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- combinations or mixtures thereof.
tions prior to use.
4. Composition and Specific Gravity
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Table1givesdataonchemicalcompositionandspecific
2.1 ASTM Standards: gravity of aggregate materials covered by this specification.
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates 4.2 The purchaser shall specify the minimum specific grav-
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific ity for each size and type of aggregate.
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate 4.2.1 Uniformity of Specific Gravity—The bulk specific
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific gravity (saturated surface-dry) of successive shipments of
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate aggregate shall not differ by more than 3 % from that of the
C131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small- sample submitted for source approval tests. The average
Size CoarseAggregate byAbrasion and Impact in the Los specificgravityofthetotalshipmentshallbeequaltoorgreater
Angeles Machine than the specified minimum.
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse 4.3 The purchaser shall specify the minimum fixed water
Aggregates content of hydrous ores. If the design temperature, T, is
C535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large- different from that given in 8.1.3.5, the purchaser shall specify
Size CoarseAggregate byAbrasion and Impact in the Los the value of T.
Angeles Machine 4.3.1 Uniformity of Fixed Water Content—For hydrous
C638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre- aggregates the fixed water content of successive shipments of
gates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete aggregate shall not be less than 95 % of the specified minimum
value. The average fixed water content of the total shipment
shall be equal to or exceed the specified minimum value.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Aggregate Grading
C09.41 on Pre-placed Aggregate Concrete for Radiation Shielding.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 1998. Originally
5.1 Sieve Analysis—Fine and coarse aggregates for conven-
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C637 – 98a. DOI:
tionally placed concrete shall be graded within the limits given
10.1520/C0637-98AR03.
2 in Specification C33, except that with the approval of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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C637 – 98a (2003)
TABLE 1 Composition and Specilc Gravity of Aggregates Covered by This Speciflcation
Specific Gravity of
Predominant Chemical Composition of
Class of Material Available
A
Constituent Principal Constituent
Aggregates
B
Serpentine crushed stone, hydrous siliente Mg Si O (OH) 2.4to2.65
3 2 5 4
C
Limonite crushed stone, hydrous iron ore (HFeO ) (H O) 3.4to3.8
2 x 2 y
C
Goethite crushed stone, hydrous iron ore HFeO 3.5to4.5
Barite gravel or crushed stone BaSO 4.0to4.4
Ilmenite crushed stone, iron ore FeTiO 4.2to4.8
Hematite crushed stone, iron ore Fe O 4.6to5.2
2 3
Magnetite crushed stone, iron ore FeFe O 4.6to5.2
2 4
Iron manufactured from iron/steel Fe 6.5 to 7.5
D
Ferrophosphorous synthetic Fe P 5.8 to 6.3
n
E
Boron Frit synthetic B O ,Al O ,SiO , CaO 2.6 to 2.8
2 3 2 3 2
Boron Carbide synthetic B C, B O ,C 2.5
4 2 3
Calcium Boride synthetic C B ,C 2.5
a 6
A
When it is necessary to minimize the production of long-lived secondary radiation in the shield, or to avoid using materials having inherent radioactivity, the purchaser
should specify limits on the contents of objectionable elements.
B
The fixed water content of serpentine ranges from 10 to 13 percent by weight.
C
The fixed water content of limonite and goethite ranges from 8 to 12 percent by weight.
D
Ferrophosphorus when used in Portland cement concrete will generate flammable and possibly toxic gases which can develop high pressures if confined. See
Clendenning,T.G.,Kellam,B.,andMacInnis,C.,“HydrogenEvolutionfromFerrophosphorousAggregateinPortlandCementConcrete,”JournaloftheAmericanConcrete
Institute, No. 12, December 1968. (Proceedings, Vol 65, pp. 1021–1028), and Mather, Bryant, discussion of Davis, Harold S., “Concrete for Radiation Shielding—In
Perspective,” and closure by author in “Concrete for Nuclear Reactors,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute SP-34, Vol 1, 1972, pp. 11–13.
E
The fixed water content of boron frit is less than 0.5 %.
purchaser, as much as 20 % of the material passing the 9.5-mm 5.1.2 When boron frit is used as part of the fine aggregate,
( ⁄8 -in.) sieve may also pass the 150-µm (No. 100) sieve, with the grading shall be such that 100 % passes the 4.75-mm (No.
up to 10 % passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve if the material 4) sieve and not more than 5 % passes the 600-µm (No. 30)
passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve is essentially free of clay or sieve.
shale. 5.2 Fineness Modulus—If the fineness modulus of the fine
5.1.1 Fine and coarse aggregates for preplaced aggregate aggregatevariesmorethan0.2fromthevaluecorrespondingto
concreteshallbegradedaccordingtotherequirementsofTable that of the sample submitted for acceptance, the fine aggregate
2 and as follows: shall be rejected unless suitable adjustments are made in
concrete proportions to compensate for the difference in
grading.
Grading of Aggregate
Specific Gravity Coarse Fine
of Fine Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate
6. Deleterious Substances
Up to 3.0 Grading 1 Grading 1
Greater than 3.0 Grading 1 Grading 2 6.1 Fine and coarse aggregates shall meet the requirements
Full range Grading 2 Grading 2
of Specification C33.
6.2 Boron frit shall not contain more than 2.0 % of water
soluble material.
NOTE 1—This limit is based on concrete mixtures containing no more
TABLE 2 Grading Requirements for Coarse and Fine Aggregates
3 3
than 300 kg/m (500 lb/yd ) of boron frit.
for Preplaced Aggregate Concrete
Percentage Passing
7. Abrasion Resistance of Coarse Aggregate
Grading 2
Grading 1
7.1 Coarse ag
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