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ASTM E1412-19

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal

Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.  
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 1/10 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent.  
1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.  
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.  
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (see Practices E1386, E1388, E1413, and E2154).  
1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Nov-2019
ICS
13.220.99 - Other standards related to protection against fire
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.01 - Criminalistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E2154-15 - Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2015
Refers
ASTM E1618-14 - Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2014

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ASTM E1412-19 - Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated CharcoalASTM E1412-19 - Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal
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REDLINE ASTM E1412-19 - Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated CharcoalREDLINE ASTM E1412-19 - Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1412 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with
1
Activated Charcoal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of
small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors
from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the
adsorbent with a solvent. from Fire Debris Samples
E1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
1.2 Whilethispracticeissuitableforsuccessfullyextracting
from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Con-
ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration,
centration onto an Adsorbent Tube
theheadspaceconcentrationmethodsarebestusedwhenahigh
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration
Documentation
of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration,
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
this practice is essentially nondestructive.
E1618 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
listed in the referenced documents (see Practices E1386,
Spectrometry
E1388, E1413, and E2154).
E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Pas-
1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability,
sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-
experience, education, or training and should be used in
traction (SPME)
conjunction with professional judgment.
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3. Summary of Practice
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Charcoal in some form of an adsorption package is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
placed in the sample container to adsorb ignitable liquid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
residues. The container can be heated or left at ambient
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperature. The charcoal is removed and eluted with a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
suitable elution solvent as listed in 6.3.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
debris for later analysis by gas chromatography mass spec-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
trometry.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of
1
isolating quantities smaller than ⁄10 µL of ignitable liquid
residue from a sample.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
2
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1412 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1412-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1412 − 19
5. Apparatus 7. Sample Preparation/Adsorption Procedure
5.1 Hea
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1412 − 16 E1412 − 19
Standard Practice for
Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration Withwith
1
Activated Charcoal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire
debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent
with a solvent.
1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the
headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of
ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (see Practices E1386, E1388,
E1413, and E2154).
1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction
with professional judgment.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors from Fire Debris Samples
E1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration
onto an Adsorbent Tube
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
E1618 Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry
E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace
Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2016Nov. 15, 2019. Published February 2016December 2019. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20122016
as E1412 – 12.E1412 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E1412-16.10.1520/E1412-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1412 − 19
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Charcoal in some form of an adsorption package is placed in the sample container to adsorb ignitable liquid residues. The
container maycan be heated or left at ambient temperature. The charcoal is removed and eluted with a suitable elution solvent as
listed in 6.3.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
1
4.2 This is a ver
...

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ASTM E3197-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Examination of Fire Debris

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to fire debris analysis. In addition, several sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology: Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Fifteenth Edition (1);4  Kirk’s Fire Investigation, Fifth Edition (2); The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition (3); Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition (4); and Fire Debris Analysis  (5). A suitable definition was developed after all of the sources were found wanting.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions that are used in fire debris analysis. Some legal or scientific terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are included.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM E1618-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator’s opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire.  
4.1.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation can reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues.  
4.1.2 Because of the volatility of ignitable liquids and variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene.  
4.2 Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and identification of specific compounds or classes of compounds described herein can facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.  
1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis and combustion products. This test method is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This practice cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3189-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Static Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.  
5.2 This practice is capable of removing a portion of the headspace vapors, containing quantities smaller than 0.1 µL/L of ignitable liquid residues, from a sample container and concentrating the ignitable liquid residues onto an adsorbent medium (1).  
5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling volume or sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).  
5.3 The principal concepts of static headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace (Practice E1388) and dynamic headspace concentration (Practice E1413). The static headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace technique and less sensitive than the dynamic. The static techniques do however leave the sample in a condition suitable for resampling, as only a portion, typically less than 10 %, of the headspace is withdrawn from a sample container (3).  
5.3.1 Re-sampling and analysis is possible with static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, because only a portion of the headspace from the container is removed (3). Taking multiple headspace samples will continuously reduce the concentration of ignitable liquid vapors present, which can result in a change in relative composition of components and eventually non-recovery when the questioned headspace originally contained very low quantities of ignitable liquid residues (less than 0.1 µL/L).  
5.4 Common solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations in use are activated carbon/solvent elution and Tenax4 TA/thermal desorption.  
5.5 Solid adsorbent/desorption procedures not specifically described in this standard can be used as long as the practice has...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, for subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.  
1.2 Static headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube involves removal of a headspace extract from a sample container (typically a jar, can, or bag), through a small hole punctured in the container, using a syringe or pump.  
1.3 Static headspace concentration systems for adsorption onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.  
1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).2  
1.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, and E2154).  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM E1413-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.  
5.2 The sensitivity of this practice is such that a sample consisting of a laboratory tissue onto which as little as 0.1 µL of ignitable liquid has been deposited, in an otherwise empty sample container, will result in an extract that is sufficient for identification and classification using Test Method E1618  (1).  
5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).  
5.3 The principal concepts of dynamic headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace concentration (Practice E3189). The dynamic headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace concentration technique. However, sample containers subjected to dynamic headspace concentration could be unsuitable for re-sampling.  
5.3.1 Dynamic headspace concentration alters the original composition of the test sample because a portion of the original headspace from the sample container is removed and exchanged with dry inert gas or air. A portion of the concentrated headspace sample should be preserved for potential future analysis, if possible and if required, in accordance with Practice E2451.  
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1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for sampling fire debris to screen for the presence of ignitable liquid residues prior to extraction with other techniques. It is most appropriate for sampling light to medium range ignitable liquids (such as light oxygenates, lacquer thinners, and other similar volatile compounds or products), and less appropriate for sampling ignitable liquids that have compounds in the heavy range.3, 4, 5  
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Note 1: The headspace specimen (the portion in the syringe) is consumed in the analysis. Preserve an extract for potential reanalysis (see Practice E2451) using an alternative separation and concentration practice, such as those described in Practices E1386, E1412, and E1413, if preservation is required per laboratory policies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing vapor from the headspace of a fire debris container for the purpose of detecting or identifying ignitable liquid residues.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM E3197-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Examination of Fire Debris

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to fire debris analysis. In addition, several sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology: Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Fifteenth Edition (1);4  Kirk’s Fire Investigation, Fifth Edition (2); The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition (3); Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition (4); and Fire Debris Analysis  (5). A suitable definition was developed after all of the sources were found wanting.
SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, and testing of detonation flame arresters intended to protect against deflagrations, overdriven (unstable) detonations, stable detonations, and stabilized burning.  
1.2 This specification is intended for detonation flame arresters installed in vapor control systems at Marine Facilities subject to the requirements in 33 CFR, Part 154, Subpart P — Marine Vapor Control Systems.
Note 1: In 1990, by permission from ASTM International, an earlier draft of this specification was incorporated and printed in 33 CFR, Part 154, Appendix A.  
1.3 This specification is intended for detonation flame arresters protecting systems containing gases or vapors of liquids with flash points 140°F [60°C] (closed cup) or less. The tests in this specification are intended to qualify detonation flame arresters for all in-line applications, provided the operating pressure is equal to or less than the maximum operating pressure stated in the manufacturer’s certification, and the diameter of the piping system in which the detonation flame arrester is to be installed is equal to or less than the piping diameter used in the testing.  
1.4 This specification is limited to detonation flame arresters operating at temperatures no greater than 140°F [60°C], unless the detonation flame arresters are tested at the higher operating temperatures.
Note 2: Refer to UL 525 for additional requirements that may be applicable.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1731-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sizing is a critical factor that must be considered when selecting and using protective clothing. Properly sized garments add to the safety and performance of wearer by not restricting movement. A work uniform that restricts movement or exposes skin to hazardous environments will result in lost efficiency and less protection.  
5.2 In those cases where work uniforms become an element of a multi-layered protective ensemble, it is essential that uniform fit does not restrict the wearer’s movements or interfere with the fit and use of other safety-related clothing and equipment.  
5.3 This practice can be used for selecting the proper size and fit of work uniforms for fire and rescue personnel and personnel in other occupations where the potential exists for hazardous thermal exposures.  
5.4 This practice is not intended to apply to multi-layered thermal protective clothing, such as firefighter protective clothing, where other factors apply to the fit relative to its performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in size selection of work uniforms for fire and rescue services personnel and workers who have the potential to be exposed to thermal hazards. Work uniform ensembles consist of a shirt and trouser apparel combination.  
1.1.1 This practice does not apply to thermal protective clothing that includes multiple layers, such as firefighter protective clothing.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to uniforms for both male and female personnel.  
1.3 This practice provides an internationally recognized means for measuring human body dimensions for the selection and ordering of shirts, trousers, and one-piece coveralls.  
1.4 This practice provides a means for evaluating the fit of selected uniform sizes.  
1.5 This practice provides a standard list of textile and apparel terminology specific to the clothing industry which is used in determining size and fit of garments. This vocabulary will be useful in communications between buyers and sellers.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.  
1.7 This standard is not intended for use in evaluating the fire-resistive performance or durability of work uniforms. In addition, this practice does not provide a means to quantify the likelihood of human injuries related to the fit of uniforms or protective clothing.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2886/E2886M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of exterior vents that mount vertically or horizontally to resist the entry of embers and flame penetration through the vent.
Note 3: A comparison study between the vertical air flow apparatus and a horizontal air flow apparatus, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has been conducted. A summary of the results of that comparison study are presented in Section X1.3 of the Appendix.  
5.2 Flame Intrusion Test—Refer to the Significant and Use Section in Test Method E2912 for information related to the direct flame impingement on the vent.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes two individual methods to evaluate the ability of a gable end, crawl space (foundation) and other vents that mount on a vertical wall or in the under-eave area to resist the entry through the vent opening of embers and flame. The ability of such vents to completely exclude entry of flames or embers is not evaluated. Roof ridge and off-ridge (field) vents are excluded from this standard. Acceptance criteria are not provided in this standard.
Note 1: Test Method E2912 records information relevant to evaluate completely excluding the entry of flames through the venting device.  
1.2 Ember entry and flame penetration are evaluated separately using different test procedures. A commentary and summary of the development of the ember test apparatus are given in Appendix X1.  
1.3 These laboratory tests are used to evaluate the response of vents when subjected to ember and flame exposures under controlled conditions.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions in figures and text in this document shall be ±5 %.  
1.6 This test method does not address interior fire spread.  
1.7 The standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessments of the materials, products or assemblies and other cladding materials under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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