ASTM D8273-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Total and Available Cyanide in Solid Waste and Soil after Alkaline Extraction
Standard Practice for Determination of Total and Available Cyanide in Solid Waste and Soil after Alkaline Extraction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established requiring the measurement of cyanide in soil and solid waste samples. This practice is also useful for performing material balances to account for the distribution of cyanides in cyanidation products from metallurgical processes.
5.2 This practice is applicable to the determination of available or total water soluble, or both, and water insoluble cyanides in soil and solid waste.
5.3 Water insoluble cyanide complexes, such as Prussian blue, are not completely recovered by distillation methods. This practice extracts all cyanides, including the water insoluble cyanides such as Prussian blue, and then the extract solution can be analyzed for cyanide with Test Methods D6888, D7284, or D7511.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used for the determination of total or available cyanide in solid waste, sediment and soil samples after alkaline extraction. Simple cyanide (CN-) salts of group 1 and group 2 (alkali and alkaline earth) metals; soluble alkali and alkaline earth salts of zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, silver, and iron cyanide complexes; and insoluble metal-metal cyanide complexes, such as Prussian blue, are quantitatively recovered. Gold, platinum group metals and cobalt cyanide complexes are not recovered during analysis.
1.2 Free cyanide cannot be determined due to the change of equilibrium conditions during the extraction process.
1.3 Cyanide complexes are extracted into an alkaline solution as described in this practice. Measure the total cyanide using Test Methods D7511 or D7284. Measure the available cyanide using Test Method D6888. Calculate cyanide content in the soil or waste.
1.4 The method detection limit (MDL) is dependent on the test method used to measure the cyanide content. Based on the methods cited, it is approximately 1 mg/kg and the minimum level (ML) is 5 mg/kg. The applicable range is also dependent on the test method used to measure cyanide. Based on the methods cited, it is 5 to 100 mg/kg.
1.5 This practice should be used by analysts experienced with extractions and flow injection analysis (FIA), or working under the close supervision of such qualified persons.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8273 − 20
Standard Practice for
Determination of Total and Available Cyanide in Solid Waste
1
and Soil after Alkaline Extraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
1.1 This practice is used for the determination of total or
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
available cyanide in solid waste, sediment and soil samples
- title means only that the document has been approved through
after alkaline extraction. Simple cyanide (CN ) salts of group 1
the ASTM consensus process.
and group 2 (alkali and alkaline earth) metals; soluble alkali
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and alkaline earth salts of zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nickel, silver, and iron cyanide complexes; and insoluble
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metal-metal cyanide complexes, such as Prussian blue, are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
quantitatively recovered. Gold, platinum group metals and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
cobalt cyanide complexes are not recovered during analysis.
statements are given in Section 9.
1.2 Free cyanide cannot be determined due to the change of
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
equilibrium conditions during the extraction process.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Cyanide complexes are extracted into an alkaline solu-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tion as described in this practice. Measure the total cyanide
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
using Test Methods D7511 or D7284. Measure the available
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cyanide using Test Method D6888. Calculate cyanide content
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in the soil or waste.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 The method detection limit (MDL) is dependent on the
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test method used to measure the cyanide content. Based on the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods cited, it is approximately 1 mg/kg and the minimum D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
level (ML) is 5 mg/kg. The applicable range is also dependent D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
on the test method used to measure cyanide. Based on the D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
methods cited, it is 5 to 100 mg/kg. Engaged in Analysis of Water
D4210 Practice for Intralaboratory Quality Control Proce-
1.5 This practice should be used by analysts experienced
dures and a Discussion on Reporting Low-Level Data
with extractions and flow injection analysis (FIA), or working
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(Withdrawn 2002)
under the close supervision of such qualified persons.
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
standard.
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D7284 Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be Distillation followed by Flow InjectionAnalysis with Gas
Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Organic Substances in Water. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ The last
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