ASTM E2264-23

Standard Practice for Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on Fenestration Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.  
5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized conditions on fenestration products. It is useful for product evaluation and development. Interrelationships between window components can be studied under laboratory conditions simulating in-service temperature extremes.  
5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cycling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the fenestration designer. These conditions help in evaluating designs and components for absolute and relative interactions on overall performance when these products are installed and functioning in residential and commercial buildings.  
5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many environmental factors that affect field performance of fenestration products. Products made with different materials or construction methods may show specific sensitivity to different environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, or airborne chemicals.  
5.5 Because of the complexity and cost of a single apparatus capable of measuring window performance, providing temperature cycling, and providing infrared radiation exposure, mo...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.  
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.  
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen's exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.  
1.2.2 Test Method B uses elevated temperature produced by convective hot air to achieve the exterior air temperature set-p...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2023
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E547-00(2016) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM G151-10 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM G151-09 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Refers: ASTM E547-00(2009) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Refers: ASTM E331-00(2009) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Refers: ASTM G151-06 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM E631-06 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Refers: ASTM E547-00 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2000
• Refers: ASTM E331-00 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2000
• Refers: ASTM E631-93a(1998)e1 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 28-Jul-2000
• Refers: ASTM G151-00 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Refers: ASTM G151-97 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000

Overview

ASTM E2264-23, Standard Practice for Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on Fenestration Products, provides a systematic approach for testing how repeated cycles of elevated and depressed temperatures affect fenestration products-such as windows, doors, skylights, and curtain walls-installed with exterior exposure. With increasing emphasis on durability and overall building performance, this standard serves as a critical tool for evaluating how environmental temperature variations may impact the structural integrity, air leakage, water penetration resistance, and longevity of fenestration systems under both typical and extreme conditions.

ASTM E2264-23 establishes laboratory procedures that simulate seasonal and diurnal (daily) temperature cycling to approximate real-world weathering in a controlled environment. This enables product developers, manufacturers, and specifiers to obtain meaningful, comparative data on system durability and performance.

Key Topics

• Temperature Cycling Methodology: The standard covers procedures to expose fenestration products to controlled cycles of high and low temperatures, replicating natural weathering impact.

  • Test Method A: Uses infrared (IR) radiation to simulate solar exposure, ideal for comparative product evaluations where field correlation is critical.
  • Test Method B: Utilizes convective hot air for accelerated testing, typically used in research and development for rapid assessment.

• Performance Evaluation: Changes in system performance are assessed before, during, and after temperature cycling, focusing on:

  • Air leakage (ASTM E283/E283M)
  • Water penetration resistance (ASTM E331 or E547)
  • Structural strength (ASTM E330/E330M, as needed)
  • Optional: measurements for characteristics like thermal transmittance, sound rating, or component integrity

• Exposure Levels: Three temperature levels (low, moderate, and high) account for different product types and intended geographic installation, ensuring relevance for varied climates and use cases.

• Reporting Requirements: The standard mandates comprehensive documentation, including specimen identification, test conditions, performance data, and all observed material changes or failures.

Applications

ASTM E2264-23 is widely applicable for:

• Product Development and Evaluation: Provides manufacturers with data on how proprietary designs and materials respond to thermal stress, supporting innovation and improvement.
• Comparative Testing: Offers a common procedure to systematically compare different products or assemblies under standardized conditions.
• Design Validation: Assists designers and architects in verifying the suitability of fenestration products for specific climates, ensuring resilience in both residential and commercial installations.
• Quality Assurance: Enables third-party labs and certification bodies to benchmark products for compliance, safety, and performance.
• Research and Development: Supports accelerated aging studies to predict long-term durability, especially when cycle outcomes are not critical for field correlation.

Related Standards

For a comprehensive evaluation of fenestration product performance, ASTM E2264-23 should be used in association with these standards:

• ASTM E283/E283M - Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors
• ASTM E330/E330M - Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
• ASTM E331 - Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
• ASTM E547 - Test Method for Water Penetration by Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
• ASTM E631 - Terminology of Building Constructions
• ASTM G151 - Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices Using Laboratory Light Sources

Keywords: ASTM E2264-23, fenestration temperature cycling, window durability testing, door weather resistance, curtain wall performance, building envelope resilience, laboratory temperature cycling, infrared radiation test, air leakage, water penetration resistance, building standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2264 − 23
Standard Practice for
Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on
Fenestration Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope exterior air temperature to levels that are not obtainable under
in-service conditions. This provides a more rapid degradation
1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration
cycle for accelerating the effects of the temperature exposure
products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to
cycling on some materials and fastening methods used in
weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response
fenestration products. This method is intended to be used when
of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the
the number of temperature cycles must be minimized or the
temperature changes being induced by controlling the air
outcome is not critical for field correlation. Test Method B is
temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the
intended for research and development purposes and not for
product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this
comparative product evaluations.
practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles
of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface tempera-
1.3 In this practice, three temperature exposure levels are
tures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in suggested for each method: Level 1 is a low temperature
performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling.
exposure, Level 2 is a moderate temperature exposure, and
With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions Level 3 is a high temperature exposure. The purpose of
are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus. providing three levels of temperature exposure is to accommo-
date different grades of fenestration products based on their
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and
designs and their potential geographic installation locations.
Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface
Other temperature levels may be selected by the specifier.
of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standard-
1.3.1 Performance characteristic measurements are used to
ized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test
evaluate the effects on the fenestration product caused by
methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the
temperature cycling. They are measured by the following tests:
fenestration industry.
1.3.1.1 Air leakage rates shall be measured in accordance
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the
with Test Method E283/E283M.
surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a
1.3.1.2 Water penetration resistance shall be measured in
black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the speci-
accordance with Test Method E331 or Test Method E547.
men’s exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface
1.3.1.3 Structural strength shall be measured in accordance
temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to
with Test Method E330/E330M. This test shall only be
a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This
performed when specified and only after temperature cycling is
provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based
completed.
on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature
1.3.2 The test specifier may also choose additional tests to
increase of exterior building materials. This method should be
characterize fenestration product performance. (See Note 4 for
used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome
suggested additional tests.)
is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for
1.3.3 For the purposes of product comparison, these tests
comparative product evaluations.
are performed at or near standard laboratory conditions, but for
1.2.2 Test Method B uses elevated temperature produced by
research and development purposes, they may also be per-
convective hot air to achieve the exterior air temperature
formed during an elevated or depressed portion of the tempera-
set-point. It provides a more severe test because it elevates the
ture cycle in order to measure the effects of the temperature
extreme on the performance parameter being evaluated. For the
purposes of comparative evaluation, the parameters defined in
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
11.2 shall be used.
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on
Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as E2264 – 05 (2021).
DOI: 10.1520/E2264-23. provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2264 − 23
1.5 Testing organizations using this practice shall have staff 3.2.1.2 Level 2—for products that have moderate exposure
knowledgeable in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, instrumenta- to direct solar radiation.
tion practice, and the specific requirements for the test methods
3.2.1.3 Level 3—for products that have high exposure to
specified. Testing personnel shall have a general knowledge of
direct solar radiation.
fenestration systems and components being tested.
NOTE 1—These levels are used only to differentiate general levels of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature exposure on fenestration products. There are many different
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
criteria that are cited for each level and the specifier is permitted to select
other levels if appropriate to the product being tested.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Practice
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
4.1 This practice requires installing a test specimen in an
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
apparatus that holds the interior (room-side) of the product
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimen at a constant temperature and relative humidity. The
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
exterior (weather-side) of the product specimen is subjected to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specific differential infrared radiation (Test Method A) or air
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
temperature (Test Method B) extremes (temperature cycling),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or both.
4.2 The specimen(s) shall have its exterior surface exposed
2. Referenced Documents
to elevated ambient air temperature or infrared radiation, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
both, at one of the three pre-specified temperature exposure
E283/E283M Test Method for Determining Rate of Air
levels.
Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain
4.3 The specimen(s) shall have its interior surface exposed
Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences
to ambient air temperature and relative humidity levels that are
Across the Specimen
consistent with typical room conditions.
E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of
Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by
4.4 The specimen(s) shall be subjected to performance
Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
characterization tests before, during, or after temperature
E331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior
cycling, or combinations thereof, to evaluate performance
Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uni-
changes or structural damage that may occur as a result of
form Static Air Pressure Difference
exposure to the temperature extremes or cycling. Destructive
E547 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior
testing is only done after temperature cycling and non-
Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic
destructive testing are completed.
Static Air Pressure Difference
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
5. Significance and Use
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the
2.2 ASHRAE Handbook:
exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior
and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the
3. Terminology
exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some
nology E631 unless otherwise indicated.
of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: system performance lasting only during the cyclical tempera-
3.2.1 exterior temperature exposure level—the increased ture exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because
exterior (weather-side) specimen surface temperature above of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in
ambient temperature resulting from the amount of energy those critical components that control overall system perfor-
absorbed from a radiant source. The following temperature mance.
levels apply:
5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating
3.2.1.1 Level 1—for products that have limited exposure to
the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized
direct solar radiation.
conditions on fenestration products. It is useful for product
evaluation and development. Interrelationships between win-
dow components can be studied under laboratory conditions
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
simulating in-service temperature extremes.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cy-
the ASTM website.
cling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
fenestration designer. These conditions help in evaluating
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
30329, http://www.ashrae.org. designs and components for absolute and relative interactions
E2264 − 23
on overall performance when these products are installed and apparatus or equipment into the temperature cycling apparatus.
functioning in residential and commercial buildings. The elements of the test equipment shall not interfere with the
test specimen(s) or the ability of the apparatus to maintain the
5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and
specified temperature between the room-side ambient air
temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many
temperature and the exterior surface of the specimen(s) during
environmental factors that affect field performance of fenestra-
the test.
tion products. Products made with different materials or
7.1.3 Alternately, the specimen(s) may be removed from the
construction methods may show specific sensitivity to different
temperature cycling apparatus and installed in the appropriate
environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation,
equipment, such as an air/water test chamber for the testing.
or airborne chemicals.
8. Test Specimen(s)
5.5 Because of the complexity and cost of a single apparatus
capable of measuring window performance, providing tem-
8.1 The type, size, and installation method of the test
perature cycling, and providing infrared radiation exposure,
specimen(s) shall be determined by the test specifier.
more than one test apparatus may be required to complete this
8.2 The specimen(s) surface finish shall be consistent with
practice. If multiple test apparatus are used, care shall be taken
normal manufacturing practice or manufacturers suggested
when moving the specimen from one apparatus to another to
finishing instructions.
protect them from damage by racking, twisting, dropping, or
8.2.1 Disassembly of anchorage or other elements of the test
other causes of distortion.
assembly is not allowed during any portion of the procedures
5.6 In this practice, specimens are subjected to one of a
required by this practice.
variety of possible variations of ambient air temperature or
NOTE 2—It is important to include full size members, expansion joints,
surface temperature cycling conditions by using either convec-
and other control elements in multiple product installations to obtain
tive hot air or exposure to infrared radiation. Therefore, the
results representative of installed product conditions.
results are valid only for the test method and conditions used.
9. Calibration
5.7 At present, no correlation data exists that relates this
9.1 Calibration of a performance characteristic measure-
practice to field performance.
ment test apparatus shall be in accordance with the applicable
test method chosen by the test specifier.
6. Safety Precautions
6.1 Extreme elevated and depressed temperatures will be 9.2 Calibration shall be performed on each performance
characteristic measuring system at least once every 6 months or
encountered when using this practice. Operator access to
variable temperature weather-side chambers shall be restricted as required by the applicable test method.
during the exposure cycles.
9.3 Calibration of the Infrared (IR) Source:
9.3.1 See Practice G151 and Appendix X1 for descriptions
7. Apparatus
of and information on black panel temperature sensors. There
7.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is
are two types of black panel temperature sensors: insulated and
general. Any suitable arrangement capable of maintaining the
uninsulated. The temperatures measured by the two types
required test conditions and tolerances is permitted.
differ, being somewhat higher for the insulated type. The
7.1.1 The test chamber is an apparatus in which the speci-
uninsulated type shall be used for measurements using this
men can be mounted so that a differential temperature can be standard practice.
applied between the ambient room-side air temperature and the
9.3.2 Place a black panel temperature sensor on the exterior
exterior weather-side surface temperature of the specimen(s) surface of the test specimen(s) 75 mm (3 in.) from the outer
for extended periods.
horizontal and vertical edges of the frame in each corner of
7.1.1.1 In the apparatus, the temperature and relative hu-
each specimen in the test chamber. Also locate one sensor at
midity of the room-side of the chamber and ambient air
the intersection of the horizontal and vertical centerline of each
temperature on the weather side shall be controllable.
specimen. Adjust the ambient air temperature in the weather-
Temperature-controlling equipment shall be capable of main-
side compartment to 52 °C (125 °F). Turn on the IR radiation
taining the specified temperature set-point 63 °C (65 °F).
device and adjust the energy input level to achieve the specified
7.1.1.2 An infrared radiation source shall be positioned in
black panel temperature. Record the temperature of each black
the weather-side of the chamber so that the specimen surface
panel temperature sensor at 5 min intervals for 60 min. The IR
can be exposed to radiation if directed by the specifier.
irradiance to the weather-side of the specimen(s) shall be
7.1.1.3 The duration of any portion of the test cycle shall be
considered uniform if the 13 temperature readings for each
controllable to the specified length of time 65 min.
black panel temperature sensor are within 63 °C (65 °F) of
7.1.1.4 All temperature measuring systems
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2264 − 05 (Reapproved 2021) E2264 − 23
Standard Practice for
Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on
Fenestration Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering
conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes
being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation,
or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient
air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of
temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory
apparatus.
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of
fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of
exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel
temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen’s exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black
panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test
for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building
materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation.
Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.
1.2.2 Test Method B uses elevated temperature produced by convective hot air to achieve the exterior air temperature set-point.
It provides a more seversevere test because it elevates the exterior air temperature to levels that are not obtainable under in-service
conditions. This provides a more rapid degradation cycle for accelerating the effects of the temperature exposure cycling on some
materials and fastening methods used in fenestration products. This method is intended to be used when the number of temperature
cycles must be minimized or the outcome is not critical for field correlation. Test Method B is intended for research and
development purposes and not for comparative product evaluations.
1.3 In this practice, three temperature exposure levels are suggested for each method: Level 1 is a low temperature exposure, Level
2 is a moderate temperature exposure, and Level 3 is a high temperature exposure. The purpose of providing three levels of
temperature exposure is to accommodate different grades of fenestration products based on their designs and their potential
geographic installation locations. Other temperature levels may be selected by the specifier.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2021July 1, 2023. Published August 2021August 2023. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20132021 as
E2264E2264 – 05 (2021).–05 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/E2264-05R21. DOI: 10.1520/E2264-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2264 − 23
1.3.1 Performance characteristic measurements are used to evaluate the effects on the fenestration product caused by temperature
cycling. They are measured by the following tests:
1.3.1.1 Air leakage rates shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E283/E283M.
1.3.1.2 Water penetration resistance shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E331 or Test Method E547.
1.3.1.3 Structural strength shall be measured in accordance with Test Method E330/E330M. This test shall only be performed
when specified and only after temperature cycling is completed.
1.3.2 The test specifier may also choose additional tests to characterize fenestration product performance. (See Note 34 for
suggested additional tests.)
1.3.3 For the purposes of product comparison, these tests are performed at or near standard laboratory conditions, but for research
and development purposes, they may also be performed during an elevated or depressed portion of the temperature cycle in order
to measure the effects of the temperature extreme on the performance parameter being evaluated. For the purposes of comparative
evaluation, the parameters defined in 11.2 shall be used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 Testing organizations using this practice shall have staff knowledgeable in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, instrumentation
practice, and the specific requirements for the test methods specified. Testing personnel shall have a general knowledge of
fenestration systems and components being tested.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E283/E283M Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and
Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform
Static Air Pressure Difference
E331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air
Pressure Difference
E547 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Static Air Pressure
Difference
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
2.2 ASHRAE Handbook:
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology E631 unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329,
http://www.ashrae.org.
E2264 − 23
3.2.1 exterior temperature exposure level—the increased exterior (weather side) (weather-side) specimen surface temperature
above ambient temperature resulting from the amount of energy absorbed from a radiant source. The following temperature levels
apply:
3.2.1.1 Level 1—for products that have limited exposure to direct solar radiation.
3.2.1.2 Level 2—for products that have moderate exposure to direct solar radiation.
3.2.1.3 Level 3—for products that have high exposure to direct solar radiation.
NOTE 1—These levels are used only to differentiate general levels of temperature exposure on fenestration products. There are many different criteria that
are cited for each level and the specifier is permitted to select other levels if appropriate to the product being tested.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice requires installing a test specimen in an apparatus that holds the interior (room-side) of the product specimen
at a constant temperature and relative humidity. The exterior (weather-side) of the product specimen is subjected to specific
differential infrared radiation (Test Method A) or air temperature (Test Method B) extremes (temperature cycling), or both.
4.2 The specimen(s) shall have its exterior surface exposed to elevated ambient air temperature or infrared radiation, or both, at
one of the three pre-specified temperature exposure levels.
4.3 The specimen(s) shall have its interior surface exposed to ambient air temperature and relative humidity levels that are
consistent with typical room conditions.
4.4 The specimen(s) shall be subjected to performance characterization tests before, during, or after temperature cycling, or
combinations thereof, to evaluate performance changes or structural damage that may occur as a result of exposure to the
temperature extremes or cycling. Destructive testing is only done after temperature cycling and non-destructive testing are
completed.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and
room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling
of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in
overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only
during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or
irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.
5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized conditions
on fenestration products. It is useful for product evaluation and development. Interrelationships between window components can
be studied under laboratory conditions simulating in-service temperature extremes.
5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cycling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the fenestration
designer. These conditions help in evaluating designs and components for absolute and relative interactions on overall performance
when these products are installed and functioning in residential and commercial buildings.
5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many environmental
factors that affect field performance of fenestration products. Products made with different materials or construction methods may
show specific sensitivity to different environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, or airborne chemicals.
5.5 Because of the complexity and cost of a single apparatus capable of measuring window performance, providing temperature
cycling, and providing infrared radiation exposure, more than one test apparatus may be required to complete this practice. If
multiple test apparatus are used, care shall be taken when moving the specimen from one apparatus to another to protect them from
damage by racking, twisting, dropping, or other causes of distortion.
5.6 In this practice, specimens are subjected to one of a variety of possible variations of ambient air temperature or surface
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temperature cycling conditions by using either convective hot air or exposure to infrared radiation. Therefore, the results are valid
only for the test method and conditions used.
5.7 At present, no correlation data exists that relates this practice to field performance.
6. Safety Precautions
6.1 Extreme elevated and depressed temperatures will be encountered when using this practice. Operator access to variable
temperature weather-side chambers shall be restricted during the exposure cycles.
7. Apparatus
7.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is general. Any suitable arrangement capable of maintaining the required test
conditions and tolerances is permitted.
7.1.1 The test chamber is an apparatus in which the specimen can be mounted so that a differential temperature can be applied
between the ambient room-side air temperature and the exterior weather-side surface temperature of the specimen(s) for extended
periods.
7.1.1.1 In the apparatus, the temperature and relative humidity of the room-side of the chamber and ambient air temperature on
the weather side shall be controllable. Temperature-controlling equipment shall be capable of maintaining the specified temperature
set-point 63 °C (65 °F).
7.1.1.2 An infrared radiation source shall be positioned in the weather-side of the chamber so that the specimen surface can be
exposed to radiation if directed by the specifier.
7.1.1.3 The duration of any portion of the test cycle shall be controllable to the specified length of time 65 min.
7.1.1.4 All temperature measuring systems are required to be accurate to 61 °C (61.8 °F).
7.1.1.5 Air circulation equipment shall be used in both the room-side and weather-side compartments to prevent still air
stratification on either side of the test specimen.
7.1.2 Measurement of specified performance characteristics is best accomplished by incorporating the appropriate test apparatus
or equipment into the temperature cycling apparatus. The elements of the test equipment shall not interfere with the test
specimen(s) or the ability of the apparatus to maintain the specified temperature between the room-side ambient air temperature
and the exterior surface of the specimen(s) during the test.
7.1.3 Alternately, the specimen(s) may be removed from the temperature cycling apparatus and installed in the appropriate
equipment, such as an air/water test chamber for the testing.
8. Test Specimen(s)
8.1 The type, size, and installation method of the test specimen(s) shall be determined by the test specifier.
8.2 The specimen(s) surface finish shall be consistent with normal manufacturing practice or manufacturers suggested finishing
instructions.
8.2.1 Disassembly of anchorage or other elements of the test assembly is not allowed during any portion of the procedures required
by this practice.
NOTE 2—It is important to include full size members, expansion joints, and other control elements in multiple product installations to obtain results
representative of installed product conditions.
9. Calibration
9.1 Calibration of a performance characteristic measurement test apparatus shall be in accordance with the applicable test method
chosen by the test specifier.
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9.2 Calibration shall be performed on each performance characteristic measuring system at least once every 6 months or as
required by the applicable test method.
9.3 Calibration of the Infrared (IR) Source:
9.3.1 See Practice G151 and Appendix X1 for descriptions of and information on black panel temperature sensors. There are two
types of black panel temperature sensors: insulated and uninsulated. The temperatures measured by the two types differ, being
somewhat higher for the insulated type. Unless otherwise specified, the The uninsulated type shall be used for measurements using
this standard practice.
9.3.2 Place a black panel temperature sensor on the exterior surface of the test specimen(s) 75 mm (3 in.) from the outer horizontal
and vertical edges of the frame in each corner of each specimen in the test chamber. Also locate one sensor at the intersection of
the horizontal and vertical centerline of each specimen. Adjust the ambient air temperature in the weather-side compartment to
52 °C (125 °F). Turn on the IR radia
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